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Effects of RG NGEL and RG WE on MMPs expression. The mRNA levels of MMP-1, 2, and 9 were evaluated relative to the levels of β-actin. Total RNA extracted from fibroblast cells stimulated with UVA 6 J/cm2 were considered as 100%. Values represent the mean ± SD of three independent measurements. *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001.
MMP, matrix metalloproteinases; RG NGEL, red ginseng NaturalGEL; RG WE, red ginseng water extract; SD, standard deviation.
