Fig. 5.

Effects of RG NGEL and RG WE on skin hydration factors in keratinocytes. Total RNAs extracted from HaCaT cells treated with RG NGEL or RG WE for 24 h were subjected to qRT-PCR. (A) The mRNA expression levels of AQP3, HAS2, FLG, and SPT were evaluated relative to the level of β-actin. (B) Immunoblot was performed to investigate FLG and CERS3 expression levels in HEKn cells, and 0.6 mM CaCl2 was used as a positive control. (C) The results were normalized to β-actin expression. Total RNA and proteins extracted from untreated cells were considered as 100%. Values represent the mean ± SD of three independent measurements. *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001.

AQP3, aquaporin 3; CERS3, ceramide synthase 3; HAS2, hyaluronan synthetase 2; HEKn, human epidermal keratinocyte-neonatal; FLG, filaggrin; SPT, serine palmitoyl transferase; RG NGEL, red ginseng NaturalGEL; RG WE, red ginseng water extract; SD, standard deviation.