Fig. 5.

Validation of 18 dCAPS markers derived from CDS SNP regions of seven Panax chloroplast genomes. The 18 denoted dCAPS markers, Pgdm1–3, Pqdm4–6, Pndm7–9, Pjdm10 and 11, Pvdm12 and 13, Psdm14–16, and Ptdm17 and 18 are unique for P. ginseng, P. quinquefolius, P. notoginseng, P. japonicus, P. vietnamensis, P. stipuleanatus, and P. trifolius, respectively. Abbreviated species names shown on amplicons are as follows: Pg, P. ginseng; Pq, P. quinquefolius; Pn, P. notoginseng; Pj, P. japonicus; Pv, P. vietnamensis; Ps, P. stipuleanatus; Pt, P. trifolius; M, 100-bp DNA ladder.

CDS, coding sequence; dCAPS, derived cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence; SNP, single nucleotide polymorphism.