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. 2019 Jan 31;44(1):14–23. doi: 10.1016/j.jgr.2019.01.005

Fig. 3.

Fig. 3

Epimerization of 20(S)-ginseng saponins to 20(R)-isomers in acid. The dehydration reaction produced a carbocation intermediate at C-20 of 20(S)-ginseng saponins. Upon rehydration, an oxonium ion was generated, resulting in the conversion of the configuration at C-20 and the creation of 20(R)-ginseng saponins.