Table 5.
Relationship between psychological disorders and different forms of verbal abuse.
| Forms of verbal abuse | Depression |
Anxiety |
Stress |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Absent | Present | Absent | Present | Absent | Present | ||
| Judging and criticising | Not exposed | 6 (18.8) | 6 (27.3) | 8 (21.1) | 4 (25.0) | 8 (21.1) | 4 (25.0) |
| Exposed | 26 (81.3) | 16 (72.7) | 30 (78.9) | 12 (75.0) | 30 (78.9) | 12 (75.0) | |
| P | 0.52a | 0.73a | 0.73a | ||||
| Accusing and blaming | Not exposed | 9 (28.1) | 9 (40.9) | 13 (34.2) | 5 (31.3) | 11 (28.9) | 7 (43.8) |
| Exposed | 23 (71.9) | 13 (59.1) | 25 (65.8) | 11 (68.8) | 27 (71.1) | 9 (56.3) | |
| P | 0.33 | 0.83 | 0.29 | ||||
| Abusive anger | Not exposed | 18 (56.3) | 11 (50.0) | 21 (55.3) | 8 (50.0) | 21 (55.3) | 8 (50.0) |
| Exposed | 14 (43.8) | 11 (50.0) | 17 (44.7) | 8 (50.0) | 17 (44.7) | 8 (50.0) | |
| P | 0.65 | 0.72 | 0.72 | ||||
| Discounting | Not exposed | 10 (31.3) | 6 (27.3) | 11 (28.9) | 5 (31.3) | 10 (26.3) | 6 (37.5) |
| Exposed | 22 (68.8) | 16 (72.7) | 27 (71.1) | 11 (68.8) | 28 (73.7) | 10 (62.5) | |
| P | 0.75 | 1.00a | 0.52a | ||||
| Condescending | Not exposed | 22 (68.8) | 10 (45.5) | 26 (68.4) | 6 (37.5) | 25 (65.8) | 7 (43.8) |
| Exposed | 10 (31.3) | 12 (54.5) | 12 (31.6) | 10 (62.5) | 13 (34.2) | 9 (56.3) | |
| P | 0.08 | 0.03 * | 0.13 | ||||
| Ignoring | Not exposed | 8 (25.0) | 5 (22.7) | 11 (28.9) | 2 (12.5) | 9 (23.7) | 4 (25.0) |
| Exposed | 24 (75.0) | 17 (77.3) | 27 (71.1) | 14 (87.5) | 29 (76.3) | 12 (75.0) | |
| P | 0.85 | 0.30a | 1.00a | ||||
| Trivialising | Not exposed | 17 (53.1) | 13 (59.1) | 22 (57.9) | 8 (50.0) | 20 (52.6) | 10 (62.5) |
| Exposed | 15 (46.9) | 9 (40.9) | 16 (42.1) | 8 (50.0) | 18 (47.4) | 6 (37.5) | |
| P | 0.67 | 0.60 | 0.51 | ||||
| Blocking and diverting | Not exposed | 12 (37.5) | 5 (22.7) | 15 (39.5) | 2 (12.5) | 13 (34.2) | 4 (25.0) |
| Exposed | 20 (62.5) | 17 (77.3) | 23 (60.5) | 14 (87.5) | 25 (65.8) | 12 (75.0) | |
| P | 0.25 | 0.05* | 0.51 | ||||
| Threatening | Not exposed | 23 (71.9) | 17 (77.3) | 30 (78.9) | 10 (62.5) | 28 (73.7) | 12 (75.0) |
| Exposed | 9 (28.1) | 5 (22.7) | 8 (21.1) | 6 (37.5) | 10 (26.3) | 4 (25.0) | |
| P | 0.66 | 0.31a | 1.0a | ||||
| Abuse disguised as jokes | Not exposed | 17 (53.1) | 9 (40.9) | 20 (52.6) | 6 (37.5) | 18 (47.4) | 8 (50.0) |
| Exposed | 15 (46.9) | 13 (59.1) | 18 (47.4) | 10 (62.5) | 20 (52.6) | 8 (50.0) | |
| P | 0.38 | 0.31 | 0.86 | ||||
*P ≤ .05.
a
Fisher's exact test.