TABLE 1.
MAVS post-translational modifications.
| Modified amino acids | Methods | Effects of modification on MAVS | References |
| Phosphorylation | |||
| S328/S330 | MS/MS and mutagenesis | Activation of IRF3/7 and NF-κB. | Kandasamy et al., 2016 |
| Y9 | Mutagenesis | Recruitment of TRAF3 and TRAF6 to MAVS | Song et al., 2010 |
| Y11/Y30/Y71 | Mutagenesis | Inhibition of MAVS–LC3 interaction to prevent autophagy-mediated MAVS degradation | Cheng et al., 2017 |
| T234/S233 | Mutagenesis | Recruitment of PLK1 to inhibit MAVS activation | Vitour et al., 2009 |
| S442 | MS/MS and mutagenesis | Mediated by TBK1 and IKK to recruit IRF3 binding and activation | Liu et al., 2015 |
| S121/S212/S258/S329 | MS/MS and mutagenesis | Phosphorylation of MAVS by NLK causes its degradation | Li et al., 2019 |
| Ubiquitination | |||
| K7/K500 | Mutagenesis | K48-linked ubiquitination by MARCH5 to promote MAVS proteasomal degradation | Yoo et al., 2015 |
| K7/K10 | MS/MS and mutagenesis | K48-linked ubiquitination by TRIM25 to promote MAVS proteasomal degradation | Castanier et al., 2012 |
| K7 | Mutagenesis | K27-linked ubiquitination by MARCH8 for NDP52-dependent autophagic degradation of MAVS | Jin et al., 2017 |
| K362/K461 | Mutagenesis | K48-linked ubiquitination by RNF5 for MAVS proteasomal degradation | Zhong et al., 2010 |
| K10/K311/K461 | Mutagenesis | K63-linked polyubiquitination by TRIM31 to promote the aggregation and activation of MAVS | Liu et al., 2017 |
| K371/K420 | Mutagenesis | K48-linked ubiquitination by AIP4 for MAVS proteasomal degradation | You et al., 2009 |
| K420 | Mutagenesis | K48-linked ubiquitination by pVHL for proteasomal degradation of MAVS | Du et al., 2015 |
| K371/K420/K500 | MS/MS and mutagenesis | K11-linked ubiquitination by TRIM29 for proteasomal degradation of MAVS | Xing et al., 2018 |
| K325 | Mutagenesis | K27-linked polyubiquitination by TRIM21 to promote association with TBK1 | Xue et al., 2018 |
| K297/K311/K348 and K362 | MS/MS and mutagenesis | K27-/K29-linked polyubiquitination by RNF34 for NDP52-dependent autophagic degradation | He et al., 2019 |
| O-GlcNAcylation | |||
| S366 | MS/MS and mutagenesis | Promotes K63-linked ubiquitination of MAVS | Li et al., 2018 |
| T321/S324/T328/S329/S300/S338/T342/S347 | MS/MS and mutagenesis | Promotes K63-linked ubiquitination of MAVS | Song et al., 2019 |
MAVS, mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein; MS, mass spectrometry; TRAF, tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor; PLK1, Polo-like kinase 1; TBK1, TANK binding kinase-1; IKK, IκB kinase; NLK, NEMO-like kinase.