novel inducer with agitated submerged cultures |
increase in enzyme production |
Liebeskind et al. (1990) |
Immobilization on electrodes |
High electronic transfer |
Gutierrez et al. (2012) |
PEGylation |
Improved thermal stability |
Lopez et al. (2010) |
Immobilization and orientation on MWCNT electrodes |
Efficient electron transfer |
Lalaoui et al. (2016) |
Chemical modification of laccase amino acid residues with TDO and L-PME |
Improved laccase activity and stability |
Chen et al. (2016) |
Substrate binding-pocket engineering |
Improved catalytic efficiency |
Gupta and Farinas (2009) |
Heterologous expression |
High redox potential laccase and thermal stability |
Pinar et al. (2017) |
Genetic engineering and purification |
Enzymes orientated immobilization |
Balland et al. (2008) |
Codon optimization, heterologous expression, and computational analysis |
Enhanced laccase production and substrate affinity |
Rivera-Hoyos et al. (2013) |
Heterologous expression, recombinant expression, and affinity chromatography |
Improvement in production, time, and cost |
Lambertz et al. (2016) |
Immobilization and orientation on MWCNT electrodes |
Efficient electron transfer |
Lalaoui et al. (2016) |
Solid-state and submerged fermentation |
Production cost and optimization |
Vantamuri and Kaliwal (2015) |