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. 2020 Feb 14;11:73. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00073

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Copyright © 2020 Li, Zhu, Zheng, Yan, Wei, Fan, Deng and Zhong.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Autophagy is important for HG-induced podocyte injury. (A) The protein expression of p-AMPK, AMPK, LC3B, and p62 in podocytes was determined by western blotting. (B,C) Analysis of apoptosis rates by flow cytometry and quantification. (D,E) Autophagic vacuoles (autophagosomes) were detected by TEM. Representative TEM images are shown and autophagosomes are marked with black arrows. The number of autophagosomes per cell was calculated by counting the number of double-membrane organelles in 10 cells. Data are expressed as the mean ± SEM (n = 3). ***P < 0.001 vs. control; ###P < 0.001 vs. HG.