(a–c) Optical microscopy images of DLP-SLA
cryo-fractured
samples at different magnifications. The black square in (c) indicates
the projected area in AFM analysis: quantitative AFM imaging of (d)
height (color contrast encoded from 0 to 300 nm), (e) dissipated energy
(color contrast encoded from 3 to 15 eV), and (f) Young’s modulus
(color contrast encoded from 0.5 to 1.5 GPa) maps of the interface
and its vicinity. The AFM cross sections are taken along the white
lines and plotted below the maps; two profiles are smoothened (red
curve) by the Savitzky–Golay method (points of window: 30,
polynomial order: 2).39 The areas in AFM
images are divided into three regions: R1, R2, and R3. The R1 and
R3 regions form the interface. The R1/R3 borderline (white, dashed)
represents a geometrical boundary at which the layer (n) starts to be cured, as the first, and the layer (n + 1) is completed and attached to the layer (n),
as the next. The squares marked as A and B (in f) indicate the projected
area for high-resolution quantitative AFM imaging shown in Figure 2. The indentation
depth map, related to (f), is shown in the Supporting Information.