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. 2020 Jan 14;9(2):e014004. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.119.014004

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© 2020 The Authors. Published on behalf of the American Heart Association, Inc., by Wiley.

This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non‐commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

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Uptitration of medical therapy and increase in device implantation following the initial clinic visit in patients with muscular dystrophy (MD). Baseline use of angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), β‐blockers, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs) (before), and their initiation at the initial Neuromuscular Multidisciplinary clinic visit (after) (A); and their uptitration following the initial visit (B). Implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator (ICD) and pacemaker (including cardiac resynchronization therapy) implantation (C). Maximum tolerated dose (MTD) as defined by 2016 American Heart Association guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure.