Table 3.

Test Characteristics of the Predictive Equations and Alternative Screening Methods for Identifying Adults With a High Probability of Nocturnal Hypertension and Nondipping SBP

Characteristics	Methods of Identifying Who Should Undergo 24‐h Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring
	Predictive Equation Probability Cut Points				SBP/Diastolic Blood Pressure Cut Points, mm Hg			Current Use of Antihypertensive Medication
	1	2	3	4	I	II	III	IV
	Nocturnal hypertension
Classification cut points	≥0.46	≥0.37	≥0.65	≥0.34	≥120/70	≥130/80	≥140/90	Yes
Screened, %	37.7	47.2	22.9	50.0	78.5	42.1	14.6	31.6
Sensitivity	0.69	0.79	0.50	0.83	0.95	0.68	0.32	0.49
Specificity	0.80	0.71	0.93	0.69	0.31	0.73	0.96	0.79
Positive predictive value	0.67	0.62	0.79	0.61	0.44	0.59	0.81	0.57
Negative predictive value	0.82	0.86	0.76	0.88	0.92	0.80	0.71	0.73
Youden index	1.50	1.51	1.42	1.52	1.26	1.40	1.28	1.28
	Nondipping systolic blood pressure
Classification cut points	≥0.48	≥0.35	≥0.71	≥0.43	≥120/70	≥130/80	≥140/90	Yes
Screened, %	43.5	58.9	12.8	50.6	78.5	42.1	14.6	31.6
Sensitivity	0.62	0.76	0.25	0.70	0.82	0.49	0.21	0.45
Specificity	0.72	0.55	0.97	0.65	0.24	0.63	0.90	0.79
Positive predictive value	0.64	0.58	0.88	0.62	0.46	0.52	0.64	0.64
Negative predictive value	0.70	0.75	0.62	0.73	0.62	0.61	0.59	0.64
Youden index	1.34	1.32	1.22	1.35	1.06	1.12	1.11	1.25

Table values were computed using the validation data. Participants with values greater than or equal to classification cut point values are recommended to undergo 24‐hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. The following probability cut points of the predictive equations for nocturnal hypertension and nondipping systolic blood pressure were chosen on the basis of the derivation data:

1. Closest number of predicted and observed cases with nocturnal hypertension and nondipping systolic blood pressure.
2. The maximum specificity with a sensitivity ≥0.80.
3. The maximum negative predictive value with a positive predictive value ≥0.80.
4. The maximum sum of sensitivity and specificity. SBP indicates systolic blood pressure.