Table 1.
Clinical and Procedural Characteristics of the Study Participants According to Lipoprotein(a) Levels at Baseline
| Variable | Lipoprotein(a) Categories | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall (n=4078) | <15 mg/dL (n=2005) | 15 to 30 mg/dL (n=826) | ≥30 mg/dL (n=1247) | |
| Age, y | 56.8±10.5 | 56.6±10.5 | 57.1±10.8 | 57.0±10.2 |
| Male, n (%) | 3120 (76.5) | 1594 (79.5) | 625 (75.7) | 901 (72.3) |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 26.04±3.69 | 26.21±4.12 | 25.83±3.40 | 25.92±3.10 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 2557 (62.7) | 1295 (64.6) | 503 (60.9) | 759 (60.9) |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 1162 (28.5) | 581 (29.0) | 257 (31.1) | 324 (26.0) |
| Current smokers, n (%) | 1888 (46.3) | 970 (48.4) | 375 (45.5) | 543 (43.5) |
| Previous MI, n (%) | 1298 (31.8) | 615 (30.7) | 264 (32.0) | 419 (33.6) |
| Previous PCI, n (%) | 960 (23.5) | 465 (23.2) | 191 (23.1) | 304 (24.4) |
| Previous CABG, n (%) | 83 (2.0) | 30 (1.5) | 21 (2.5) | 32 (2.6) |
| Family history of CAD, n (%) | 591 (14.5) | 280 (14.0) | 121 (14.6) | 190 (15.2) |
| SBP, mm Hg | 127±17 | 127±17 | 127±18 | 126±17 |
| DBP, mm Hg | 78±11 | 78±11 | 78±12 | 77±11 |
| LVEF, % | 63.82±7.21 | 63.64±7.50 | 63.96±7.02 | 64.02±6.85 |
| FPG, mmol/L | 5.90±1.76 | 5.98±1.85 | 5.92±1.79 | 5.76±1.60 |
| HbA1c, % | 6.35±1.14 | 6.37±1.16 | 6.42±1.21 | 6.28±1.04 |
| TC, mmol/L | 4.10±1.11 | 3.98±1.06 | 4.15±1.15 | 4.28±1.13 |
| HDL‐C, mmol/L | 1.04±0.29 | 1.02±0.28 | 1.05±0.29 | 1.07±0.29 |
| LDL‐C, mmol/L | 2.48±0.96 | 2.35±0.90 | 2.55±0.97 | 2.66±1.01 |
| Triglyceride, mmol/L | 1.51 (1.14–2.13) | 1.56 (1.17–2.24) | 1.46 (1.08–2.05) | 1.47 (1.10–2.03) |
| Creatinine, μmol/L | 78.57±17.38 | 78.51±15.78 | 78.85±18.75 | 78.49±18.85 |
| Hs‐CRP, mg/L | 1.46 (0.79–2.97) | 1.39 (0.74–2.84) | 1.61 (0.85–3.30) | 1.47 (0.81–3.11) |
| Fibrinogen, g/L | 3.27±0.80 | 3.17±0.76 | 3.35±0.85 | 3.37±0.80 |
| No. of lesion vessels | ||||
| Single‐vessel, n (%) | 1046 (25.6) | 549 (27.4) | 214 (25.9) | 283 (22.7) |
| Double‐vessel, n (%) | 1398 (34.3) | 675 (33.7) | 293 (35.5) | 430 (34.5) |
| Multivessel, n (%) | 1597 (39.2) | 778 (38.8) | 285 (34.5) | 534 (42.8) |
| Target vessels | ||||
| LM, n (%) | 164 (4.0) | 78 (3.9) | 39 (4.7) | 47 (3.8) |
| LAD, n (%) | 2706 (66.4) | 1317 (65.7) | 571 (69.1) | 818 (65.6) |
| LCX, n (%) | 1616 (39.6) | 842 (42.0) | 334 (40.4) | 440 (35.3) |
| RCA, n (%) | 1945 (47.7) | 902 (45.0) | 378 (45.8) | 665 (53.3) |
| Grafts, n (%) | 60 (1.5) | 24 (1.2) | 12 (1.5) | 24 (1.9) |
| No. of target vessels | 1.20±0.44 | 1.21±0.46 | 1.19±0.44 | 1.19±0.42 |
| No. of stents implanted | 1.81±1.01 | 1.80±1.00 | 1.79±1.02 | 1.86±1.03 |
| Bifurcation lesion, n (%) | 1559 (38.2) | 756 (37.7) | 316 (38.3) | 487 (39.1) |
| Occlusion lesion, n (%) | 519 (12.7) | 232 (11.6) | 88 (10.7) | 199 (16.0) |
| In‐stent restenosis, n (%) | 189 (4.6) | 82 (4.1) | 50 (6.0) | 57 (4.6) |
| No. of predilations | 2 (1–4) | 2 (1–3) | 2 (1–5) | 2 (1–4) |
| No. of postdilations | 4 (2–6) | 4 (2–6) | 4 (2–5) | 4 (2–6) |
| Total stent length, mm | 40.03±24.32 | 39.27±20.50 | 41.74±23.53 | 42.19±24.72 |
| DES, n (%) | 3585 (87.9) | 1748 (87.2) | 736 (89.1) | 1101 (88.3) |
| Baseline medications | ||||
| Aspirin, n (%) | 3503 (85.9) | 1724 (86.0) | 693 (83.9) | 1086 (87.1) |
| ACEI/ARB, n (%) | 875 (21.5) | 419 (20.9) | 189 (22.9) | 267 (21.4) |
| β‐blockers, n (%) | 2032 (49.8) | 976 (48.7) | 401 (48.5) | 655 (52.5) |
| CCB, n (%) | 801 (19.6) | 403 (20.1) | 161 (19.5) | 237 (19.0) |
| Statins, n (%) | 2776 (68.1) | 1325 (66.1) | 546 (66.1) | 905 (72.6) |
| Medications at follow‐up | ||||
| Aspirin, n (%) | 4061 (99.6) | 2000 (99.8) | 822 (99.5) | 1238 (99.3) |
| ACEI/ARB, n (%) | 2154 (52.8) | 1059 (52.8) | 439 (53.2) | 656 (52.6) |
| β‐blockers, n (%) | 3434 (84.2) | 1672 (83.4) | 695 (84.2) | 1067 (85.6) |
| CCB, n (%) | 1668 (40.9) | 860 (42.9) | 312 (37.8) | 496 (39.8) |
| Statins, n (%) | 3829 (93.9) | 1870 (93.3) | 786 (95.1) | 1173 (94.1) |
Continuous values are summarized as mean±SD and median (interquartile range) and categorical variables as number (percentage). ACEI indicates angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; BMI, body mass index; CABG, coronary artery bypass grafting; CAD, coronary artery disease; CCB, calcium‐channel blocker; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; DES, drug‐eluting stent; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; HbA1c, glycosylated hemoglobin; HDL‐C, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol; hs‐CRP, high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; LDL‐C, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol; LM, left main; LAD, left anterior descending; LCX, left circumflex; MI, myocardial infarction; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; RCA, right coronary artery; SBP, systolic blood pressure; TC, total cholesterol.