Table 3. Near-Infrared Imaging Agents for PSMA-Targeted Fluorescence-Guided Surgery.

compound	receptor affinity (competitor)	tumor uptake (time point, cell line)	kidney uptake (time point, cell line)	injected dose	biodistribution; time point	clearance pathway (time point, uptake clearance organs)	half-life	lipophilicity	plasma protein binding	optimized for entrance funnel?	imaging label	imaging signature(s)
Cy7–1101	ki = 1.0 ± 0.5 pM (NAAG)	30 AUdb (24 h, PC3-PIP)	20 AUdb (24 h, PC3-PIP)	1 nmol	Quantitative, 24 h	Renal (24 h, kidneys 20 AUdb, liver 10 AUdb)	Data not provided	LogP = 3.39a	Data not provided	Yes	Cy7 (665 g/mol)	λabs = 753 nm, λem = 775 nm
Cy7–2101	ki = 7.0 ± 0.4 pM (NAAG)	200 AUdb (24 h, PC3-PIP)	28 AUdb (24 h, PC3-PIP)	1 nmol	Quantitative; 24 h	Renal (24 h, kidneys 28 AUdb, liver 10 AUdb)	Data not provided	LogP = 2.19a	Data not provided	Yes	Cy7 (665 g/mol)	λabs = 753 nm, λem = 775 nm
Cy7–3101	ki = 5.0 ± 0.2 pM (NAAG)	200 AUdb (24 h, PC3-PIP)	30 AUdb (24 h, PC3-PIP)	1 nmol	Quantitative; 24 h	Renal (24 h, kidneys 30 AUdb, liver 10 AUdb)	Data not provided	LogP = 3.18a	Data not provided	Yes	Cy7 (665 g/mol)	λabs = 753 nm, λem = 775 nm
IRDye800CW-1101	ki = 70 ± 5 pM (NAAG)	500 AUdb (24 h, PC3-PIP)	3000 AUdb (24 h, PC3-PIP)	1 nmol	Quantitative; 1, 2, 4, 24 h	Renal (24 h, kidneys 3000 AUdb, liver 28 AUdb)	Data not provided	LogP = 2.45a	Data not provided	Yes	IRDye800CW (983 g/mol)	λabs = 774 nm, λem = 789 nm
IRDye800CW-2101	ki = 40 ± 10 pM (NAAG)	2200 AUdb (24 h, PC3-PIP)	4000 AUdb (24 h, PC3-PIP)	1 nmol	Quantitative; 1, 2, 4, 24 h	Renal (24 h, kidneys 4000 AUdb, liver 13 AUdb)	Data not provided	LogP = 1.25a	Data not provided	Yes	IRDye800CW (983 g/mol)	λabs = 774 nm, λem = 789 nm
IRDye800CW-3101	ki = 20 ± 5 pM (NAAG)	3200 AUdb (24 h, PC3-PIP)	1100 AUdb (24 h, PC3-PIP)	1 nmol	Quantitative; 1, 2, 4, 24 h	Renal (24 h, kidneys 1100 AUdb, liver 20 AUdb)	Data not provided	LogP = 3.21a	Data not provided	Yes	IRDye800CW (983 g/mol)	λabs = 774 nm, λem = 789 nm
IRDye800RS-1101	ki = 100 ± 10 pM (NAAG)	0.05 AUc (24 h, PC3-PIP)	0.10 AUc (24 h, PC3-PIP)	1 nmol	Qualitative; 1, 2, 4, 24 h	Renal (24 h, kidneys 0.10 AUc, liver 0.03 AUc)	Data not provided	LogP = 5.01a	Data not provided	Yes	IRDye800RS (825 g/mol)	λabs = 774 nm, λem = 789 nm
IRDye800RS-2101	ki = 200 ± 50 pM (NAAG)	0.20 AUc (24 h, PC3-PIP)	0.25 AUc (24 h, PC3-PIP)	1 nmol	Qualitative; 1, 2, 4, 24 h	Renal (24 h, kidneys 0.25 AUc, liver 0.03 AUc)	Data not provided	LogP = 3.81a	Data not provided	Yes	IRDye800RS (825 g/mol)	λabs = 774 nm, λem = 789 nm
IRDye800RS-3101	ki = 4 ± 0.5 pM (NAAG)	0.29 AUc (24 h, PC3-PIP)	0.29 AUc (24 h, PC3-PIP)	1 nmol	Qualitative; 1, 2, 4, 24 h	Renal (24 h, kidneys 0.29 AUc, liver 0.01 AUc)	Data not provided	LogP = 5.76a	Data not provided	Yes	IRDye800RS (825 g/mol)	λabs = 774 nm, λem = 789 nm
ICG-1101	ki = 700 ± 10 pM (NAAG)	0.05 AUc (24 h, PC3-PIP)	0.05 AUc (24 h, PC3-PIP)	1 nmol	Qualitative; 1, 2, 4, 24 h	Renal (24 h, kidneys 0.05 AUc, liver 0.03 AUc)	Data not provided	LogP = 5.65a	Data not provided	Yes	ICG (714 g/mol)	λabs = 780 nm, λem = 800 nm
ICG-2101	ki = 400 ± 60 pM (NAAG)	0.08 AUc (24 h, PC3-PIP)	0.10 AUc (24 h, PC3-PIP)	1 nmol	Qualitative; 1, 2, 4, 24 h	Renal (24 h, kidneys 0.10 AUc, liver 0.05 AUc)	Data not provided	LogP = 4.45a	Data not provided	Yes	ICG (714 g/mol)	λabs = 780 nm, λem = 800 nm
ICG-3101	ki = 200 ± 5 pM (NAAG)	0.29 AUc (24 h, PC3-PIP)	0.22 AUc (24 h, PC3-PIP)	1 nmol	Qualitative; 1, 2, 4, 24 h	Renal (24 h, kidneys 0.22 AUc, liver 0.05 AUc)	Data not provided	LogP = 6.40a	Data not provided	Yes	ICG (714 g/mol)	λabs = 780 nm, λem = 800 nm
DUPA-IRDye800CW46	kD = 12 nM (2-PMPA)	No ex vivo quantification, no scale bars	No ex vivo quantification, no scale bars	10 nmol	No ex vivo quantification, no scale bars	No ex vivo quantification, no scale bars	Data not provided	LogP = 0.62a	Data not provided	Yes	IRDye800CW (983 g/mol)	λabs = 774 nm, λem = 789 nm
ZJ-MCC-dEdEdEGK (IRDye800CW)G106	Data not provided	No ex vivo quantification, no scale bars	No ex vivo quantification, no scale bars	2–10 nmol	Qualitative; 1, 2, 3, 4 h	No ex vivo quantification, no scale bars	Data not provided	LogP = −2.67a	Data not provided	Yes	IRDye800CW (983 g/mol)	λabs = 774 nm, λem = 789 nm
PSMA-1-IRDye80099	IC50 = 1.5 ± 0.1 nM (EuC)	7.12%ID (120 h, PC3-PIP) 28, 35, 52, 58, 71, 65, 60,50, 38, 31, 35, 22 (at 0.8, 0.17, 0.5, 1, 2, 6, 8, 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 h (in vivo)	0.004 AUc (120 h, PC3-PIP)	1 nmol	Qualitative; 0.8, 0.17, 0.5, 1, 2, 6, 8, 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 h (in vivo), Qualitative; 4 h (ex vivo)	Renal (120 h, kidneys 0.004 AUc, liver 0.002 AUc)	Data not provided	LogP = −2.14 ± 0.17	Data not provided	Yes	IRDye800CW (983 g/mol)	λabs = 774 nm, λem = 789 nm
EUKL-cRGDfK-IRDye800107	Data not provided	1.53 AUc (24 h, PC3-PIP)	1.53 AUc (24 h, PC3-PIP)	1 nmol	Qualitative, 24 h	Renal (24 h, kidneys 1.53 AUc, liver 0.5 AUc)	Data not provided	LogP = −2.21a	Data not provided	No	IRDye800CW (983 g/mol)	λabs = 774 nm, λem = 789 nm
IRDye800CW-SCE104	Data not provided	160 AUb, 140 AUb (12 h, 24 h, LNCaP)	No ex vivo quantification, no scale bars	10 nmol	Qualitative; 12 h, 24 h	No ex vivo quantification, no scale bars	Data not provided	LogP = 0.94a	Data not provided	No	IRDye800CW (983 g/mol)	λabs = 774 nm, λem = 789 nm
KUE-PEG4-ZW800 + 3C105	Data not provided	4 AUb (4 h, LNCaP)	13 AUb (4 h, LNCaP)	10 nmol	Quantitative; 4 h	Renal (4 h, kidneys 13 AUb, liver 2.4 AUb)	t1/2, biol = 4.8 h	LogP = 1.39a	Data not provided	Yes	ZW800–1 (997 g/mol)	λabs = 772 nm, λem = 788 nm
OTL78108	kD = 4.7 nM (EuK-FITC)	7.5 AUc, 15 AUc, 17.5 AUc, 11 AUc, 15 AUc, 15 AUc (2 h, 22Rv1 for 1, 3, 10, 30, 60, 90 nmol)	1.3 AUc, 1.8 AUc, 4.1 AUc, 5.9 AUc, 4.2 AUc, 1.0 AUc (2 h, 22Rv1 for 1, 3, 10, 30, 60, 90 nmol)	1, 3, 10, 30, 60, 90 nmol	Qualitative; 2 h	Renal (2 h, kidneys 4.1 AUc, liver 0 AUc, for 10 nmol)	Data not provided	LogP = 1.19a	Data not provided	Yes	S0456 (983 g/mol)	λabs = 774 nm, λem = 789 nm

^aValues were calculated by using ChemAxon’s Chemicalize plugin.

^bEstimated from graph.

^cEstimated from scale bar.

^dNormalized to muscle tissue. AU = arbitrary units.