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. 2020 Feb 21;20:43. doi: 10.1186/s12871-020-00957-4

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 3 — Ropivacaine but not bupivacaine or sodium channel inhibitor and activator decreased RhoA, Rac1 and Ras activities in melanoma cells. Ropivacaine but not bupivacaine significantly decreased RhoA (a), Rac1(b) and Ras (c) activities in A431 cells. Sodium channel activator veratridine (0.03 mM) and blocker tetrodotoxin (100 nM) did not affect RhoA (d), Rac1 (e) and Ras (f) activity in A431 cells. The data were derived from three independent experiments and presented as mean ± SEM. *p < 0.05, compared to control