Table 3.
Laboratory methods for the detection of foodborne parasites on berries and berry products.
| Method | Parasite detected | Berry type | Amount of sample | Remark | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IMS followed by IFAT (ISO18744:2016) |
G. duodenalis & Cryptosporidium spp. | Berry fruits | 30 g | Not able to differentiate viable (oo)cysts | ISO, 2016 |
| IMS followed by IFAT | G. duodenalis & Cryptosporidium spp. | 30 g | A reduced-cost version of the ISO18744:2016 (not validated for berries but it could be potential method) | Utaaker et al., 2015 | |
| LMS followed by wet mount microscopy | C. cayetanensis | Raspberries | 100 g | Robertson et al., 2000 | |
| Nested PCR | E. multilocularis | strawberries, raspberries, blueberries and cowberries | 0.3–0.5 kg | Lass et al., 2017 | |
| PCR | T. cruzi | Açaí pulp | 30 ml | Ferreira et al., 2016 | |
| Real-time PCR | Eimeria used as surrogate for coccidia of public health concern | blackberries, blueberries, cranberries, raspberries strawberries | 30 g of herbs and 60 g of berries | Oocyst recovery rates ranged from 4.1–12% for berries |
Lalonde and Gajadhar, 2016 |
| Real-time PCR | C. cayetanensis | Raspberry | 50 g of raspberries | Murphy et al., 2018 | |
| Real-time PCR | T. cruzi | Açaí pulp | 50 g | Mattos et al., 2017 | |
| Real-time PCR | T. cruzi | Açaí juice | 30 ml | de Souza Godoi et al., 2017 | |
| PCR | T. cruzi | Açaí-based products | Varied | Ferreira et al., 2018 |