Table 13.
Cat-related parameters as putative risk factors for T. gondii seropositivity in livestock.
| Factor | Species | Statistically significant | Not statistically significant |
|---|---|---|---|
| Presence of cats on farm | Pigs | 9, 20, 27, 33, 34, 39, 43, 65, 87 | 6, 17, 55, 84, 86, 94 |
| Cattle | 38, 59, 78 | 21, 32, 38, 99 | |
| Sheep | 1, 13, 16, 56, 58, 61, 77, 85, 90 | 14, 15, 32, 35, 36, 41, 72, 81 | |
| Goats | 1, 61, 24, 56, 96 | 32, 35, 81 | |
| Chicken | 60, 93 | 71 | |
| Equids | 102 | 11, 31, 40, 29 | |
| Number of cats on farm (as continuous variable or >2–3 cats/>2/>3) | Pigs | 27, 39, 63, 65 | – |
| Cattle | 59, 97 | – | |
| Sheep | 41, 68 | – | |
| Goats | 24 | 68 | |
| Chicken | 60 | – | |
| Contact/exposure to cats or cat feces (plus frequency of exposure) | Pigs | 63, 80 | 55 |
| Sheep | 59 | 95 | |
| Goats | 19, 30, 68 (p) | 24, 95 | |
| Cattle | – | 21, 95 | |
| Contact of cats with feed | Pigs | 55 | – |
| Cattle | 59 | – | |
| Sheep | 69, 70 | 68 | |
| Goats | 30 | – | |
| Equids | 102 | 29 | |
| Contact of cats with water | Pigs | – | 55 |
| Sheep | 12, 76, 68 | 41, 69 | |
| Goats | 68 (p) | – | |
| Equids | – | 102 | |
| Vaccination of cats on farm | Pigs | 62 (p) | – |
| Detection of oocysts in soil, cat feces, water | Pigs | 27, 87 | – |
| Cat-proof storage of feed supplements | Sheep | – | 81 |
| Goats | 81 | ||
| Cats seen in hay | Sheep | – | 81 |
| Goats | – | 81 | |
| Cats are used for rodent control | Cattle | 97 | – |
| Chicken | 93 | – | |
| Population control of cats | Sheep | 68 (p) | – |
| Goats | – | 68 | |
| Feeding of cats with pet food (versus food waste) | Sheep | 68 | – |
| Goats | – | 68 | |
| Cats feed on placenta remains | Sheep | – | 68 |
| Goats | 68 | – | |
| Presence of wild cats | Sheep | 68 (p) | – |
| Goats | 68 | – | |
| Stray cats or wild felids on farm or farm land | Sheep | 41 | – |
| Occurrence of birth of cats on property | Chicken | – | 71 |
(p) = protective factor; coding of references: 1 = Abu-Dalbouh et al. (2012), 6 = Alvarado-Esquivel et al. (2014), 9 = Assadi-Rad et al. (1995), 11 = Cazarotto et al. (2016), 12 = Cenci-Goga et al. (2013), 13 = Andrade et al. (2013), 14 = Condoleo et al. (2016), 15 = Cosendey-KezenLeite et al. (2014), 16 = D'Alencar Mendonca et al. (2013), 17 = Damriyasa et al. (2004), 19 = de Moura et al. (2016), 20 = de Sousa et al. (2014), 21 = de Souza et al. (2016), 24 = Deng et al. (2016), 27 = Du et al. (2012), 29 = Fonseca de Araujo Valenca et al. (2015), 30 = Garcia et al. (2012), 31 = Garcia-Bocanegra et al. (2012), 32 = Garcia-Bocanegra et al. (2013), 33 = Garcia-Bocanegra et al. (2010a), 34 = Garcia-Bocanegra et al. (2010b), 35 = Gazzonis et al. (2015), 36 = Gebremedhin et al. (2013), 38 = Gilot-Fromont et al. (2009), 39 = Goerlich (2011), 40 = Guerra et al. (2018), 41 = Guimaraes et al. (2013), 43 = Herrero et al. (2016), 55 = Limon et al. (2017), 56 = Liu et al. (2015), 58 = Lopes et al. (2010), 59 = Magalhaes et al. (2016), 60 = Magalhães et al. (2016), 61 = Mainar et al. (1996), 62 = Mateus-Pinilla et al. (1999), 63 = Meerburg et al. (2006), 65 = Ortega-Pacheco et al. (2013), 68 = Rego et al. (2016), 69 = Rizzo et al. (2017), 71 = Sa et al. (2017), 72 = Sakata et al. (2012), 76 = Sechi et al. (2013), 77 = Skjerve et al. (1998), 78 = Sun et al. (2015), 80 = Tao et al. (2011), 81 = Tzanidakis et al. (2012), 84 = Veronesi et al. (2011), 85 = Vesco et al. (2007), 86 = Villari et al. (2009), 87 = Weigel et al. (1995), 90 = Zhang et al. (2016), 93 = Schares et al. (2017a), Samico-Fernandes et al. (2017), 95 = Tilahun et al. (2018), 96 = Bawm et al. (2016), 97 = Fajardo et al. (2013), 99 = Schoonman et al. (2010), 102 = Machacova et al. (2014).