Table 3.
Summary of data extracted from English and Chinese language primary literature reporting surveillance for Echinococcus multilocularis in humans (2008–2018).
| Authors, year (language) |
Host | Location | Study design | Sampling method | Sample size | Prevalence % (95%CI) |
Detection method(s) | Case definition | Seq/submissiona |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yang et al. 2008 (English) |
Children (7–18 yrs) |
Xiji County, China | Cross-sectional | Purposive | 861 | USb: 0 Serology: 18 |
(i) US (ii) Serology - EmP-ELISAc |
ELISA +ve | NA |
| Zhao et al. 2008 (Chinese) |
Humans | Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Gansu Province, China | Cross-sectional | Stratified | 1040 | 0.29 | (i) US (ii) Serology - ELISA |
US and ELISA +ve | NA |
| Han et al. 2009 (Chinese) |
Humans | Darlag County of Qinghai Province, China | Cross-sectional | Stratified | 1723 | 8.20 | (i) US (ii) Serology – IHAd |
US or IHA +ve | NA |
| Wang et al. 2009 (Chinese) |
Humans | Hobukesar Mongolian Autonomous County, Xinjiang, China | Cross-sectional | Cluster | 712 | 0.30 | (i) US (ii) Serology |
US or ELISA +ve | NA |
| Feng et al. 2010 (English) |
Humans | Xiji County in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Ganzi County in Sichuan Province, and Dingqing County in Tibet Autonomous Region, China | NR | NR | 3191 | 3.38 | (i) Reference: US (ii) Index: Em2-DIGFA (Dot immunogold filtration assay) |
US +ve | NA |
| Li et al. 2010 (English) |
Humans | Sichuan Province, China | Cross-sectional | Convenience | 10,186 | 3.05 | (i) US (i) Serology- Em18-ELISA |
US +ve | NA |
| Poeppel et al., 2013 (English) |
Humans (18–60 yrs) |
Austria | Cross-sectional | Convenience | 1046 | 0 | (i) Serology -Em-ELISA (ii) Serology - Western Blot |
ELISA and Western Blot +ve | NA |
| Liu et al. 2014 (Chinese) |
Children (4–18 yrs) |
Xiji county, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China | Cross-sectional | Stratified cluster | 1772 | 6.72 | Serology - ELISA | ELISA +ve | NA |
| Cisak et al. 2015 (English) |
Humans (rural east Poland) |
Bialystok, Lublin and Rzeszow, Poland | Cross-sectional | Purposive | 172 | 1.7 | (i) Serology- Em2Plus ELISA (ii) Serology - Western Blot |
ELISA and Western Blot +ve | NA |
| Cai et al. 2017 (English) |
Students (6–16 yrs) |
Golog Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, China | Cross-sectional | NR | 11,260 | 1.29 | (i) US (ii) Serology (IgG) |
US and serology +ve | NA |
| Han et al. 2017 (Chinese) |
Children (6–12 yrs) |
Yushu and Guoluo prefectures, Qinghai Province, China | Cross-sectional | Cluster | US: 19629 Serology: 9888 |
US: 1.13 Serology: 12.59 |
(i) US (ii) Serology |
US or serology +ve | NA |
| Cadavid Restrepo et al. 2018 (English) |
Children (6–18 yrs) |
Xiji County, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China | Cross-sectional | Cluster | 5110 | 12.20 | (i) US (ii) Serology: EmP-ELISA |
ELISA +ve | NA |
| Han et al. 2018 (English) |
Students (6–18 yrs) |
Yushu and Guoluo Tibetan Autonomous Prefectures, China | Cross-sectional | Multistage cluster | US: 19629 Serology: 16969 |
1.10 | (i) US (ii) Serology (IgG-ELISA) |
US +ve | NA |
| Gao et al. 2018 (English) |
Humans | Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture | Cross-sectional | Convenience | 1502 | 13.45 | (i) Reference: US (ii) Index: Serology - Antibody Gold Immuno-chromatographic assay |
US +ve | NA |
NR - not reported; NA - not applicable.
a
E. multilocularis PCR products sequenced and submitted to GenBank.
b
Abdominal ultrasound.
c
Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay.
d
Indirect Hemagglutination Test.