Table 4.
Summary of data extracted from English and Chinese primary literature reporting surveillance for Echinococcus multilocularis in canids and humans (2008–2018).
| Authors, year (language) |
Host | Study location | Study design | Sampling method | Sample size | Prevalence % (95% CI) |
Detection method(s) | Case definition | Seq/submissiona |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Torgerson et al. 2009 (English) |
Humans Dogs |
Jalanash, Kazakhstan | Cross-sectional | Convenience | Humans: 3126 Dogs: 632 |
Humans: 0 Dogs: 5 |
Humans: (i) Abdominal ultrasound (ii) Serology: Em2G11-ELISAb Dogs: Arecoline purgation |
NR | NA |
| Han et al. 2015 (English) |
Humans Dogs |
Minle County, China | Cross-sectional | Convenience | Humans: 362 Dogs: 356 |
Humans: 0.29 Dogs: 0 |
Humans: (i) Abdominal ultrasound (ii) Serology: Colloidal gold rapid diagnostic kit Dog feces: Kato-Katz technique |
NR | NA |
| Ma et al. 2015 (English) |
Humans (echinococcosis surgical cases) Dogs, Tibetan foxes |
Qinghai, China | Cross-sectional | NR | Humans: 163 Dogs: 21 Foxes: 2 |
Humans: 10.4 Dogs: 76 Foxes: 0 |
Humans and canids: (i) Simplex PCR (CO1) (ii) Sequencing |
NR | Sequenced and submitted |
| Xu et al. 2015 (Chinese) |
Children (4–18 years) Dogs |
Haiyuan Counties and Guyuan District, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China | Cross-sectional | Stratified random | Humans: 5706 Dogs: 2175 |
Humans: Xiji: 8.38 Haiyun: 7.03 Guyuan: 20.48 Dogs: Xiji: 6.40 Haiyun: 1.52 Guyuan: 3.37 |
Humans: Serology-:Em-ELISA Dogs: Copro-PCR |
Humans: ELISA +ve Dogs: PCR +ve |
Not sequenced |
| Karamon et al. 2016 (English) |
Humans (E. multilocularis +ve dog owners) Dogs, red foxes |
Podkarpackie Province, Poland | Cross-sectional | Purposive | Humans: 8 Dogs: 148 Foxes: 59 |
Humans: 0 Dogs: 1.4 (0.4–4.8) Foxes: 46 |
Humans: Serology - IgG-ELISA Dogs: Copro-PCR (12S) Foxes: Intestines – SCTc |
NR | Sequenced |
| Sen-Hai et al. 2008 (English) |
Humans (≥5 years) Dogs |
Jiuzhi County, China | Cross-sectional | Convenience | Humans: Ultrasound: 1549 Serology: 1113 Stray dogs: 12 Dog feces: 149 |
Humans: 2.5 Stray dogs: 8 Dog feces: 0 |
Humans: (i) Abdominal ultrasound (ii) Serology –IHAd (iii) Immunoblot Dogs: (i) Necropsy (ii) Copro-antigen ELISA (iii) Wisconsin flotation (iv) Copro-PCR (12S) (v) RFLPe (AseI, SspI) |
NR | Not sequenced |
NR - not reported; NA - not applicable.
a
E. multilocularis PCR products sequenced and submitted to GenBank.
b
Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay.
c
SCT - Sedimentation and Counting Technique.
d
IHA - Indirect Hemagglutination Assay.
e
Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism.