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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Jan 7.
Published in final edited form as: Anal Chem. 2019 Dec 2;92(1):150–168. doi: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b04986

Figure 2.

Figure 2.

Micromachined thermoplastics formed using various methods that yield differing degrees of channel roughness. (A) Laser ablated PMMA.52 Reprinted by permission from Springer, Microsys. Tech., Experimental Study of Fabricating a Four-Layers Cantor Fractal Microfluidic Chip by CO2 Laser System, Wu, Z.; Chen, X.; Wu, Z.; Zhang, Q.; Gao, Q. Vol. 25, pp. 1251-1256 (ref 52). Copyright 2019. (B) Solvent-assisted hardening of PMMA before sealing.60 Reprinted from Sens. Actuators A: Phys., Vol. 265, Ling, N.; Lee, J. S.; Lee, N. Y. Solvent-Assisted Low-Temperature and Low-Pressure Poly(methylmethacrylate) Bonding Coupled with Selective Microchannel Hydrophobic Coating for Reliable Sealing, pp. 168-173 (ref 60). Copyright 2017, with permission from Elsevier. (C) PDMS-embossed, hot-press-sealed PP.63 Reproduced from Sun, H.; Chan, C. W.; Wang, Y.; Yao, X.; Mu, X.; Lu, X.; Zhou, J.; Cai, Z.; Ren, K. Lab Chip 2019, 19, 2915-2924 (ref 63), with permission of The Royal Society of Chemistry. (D) Hot embossing with fast copper film assisted heating.64 Reproduced from Liang, F.; Qiao, Y.; Duan, M.; Ju, A.; Lu, N.; Li, J.; Tu, J.; Lu, Z. RSC Adv. 2018, 8, 8732-8738 (ref 64), with permission of The Royal Society of Chemistry. (E) Multiple layers of PSAs.65 Reprinted by permission from Springer, Microsys. Tech., Rapid Prototyping of Flexible Multilayer Microfluidic Devices using Polyester Sealing Film, Fan, Y.; Liu, S.; He, J.; Gao, K.; Zhang, Y. Vol. 24, pp. 2847-2852 (ref 65). Copyright 2018.