Table 1.
Characteristics of the study sample
Characteristics (n) | Percentage or mean±SD |
---|---|
Gender | |
Male (99) | 45.8 |
Female (117) | 54.2 |
Age (216) | 12.8±2.8 |
Duration (216) | 4.5±3.3 |
Weight (kg) (215) | 57.5±25.7 |
Height (cm) (216) | 150.9±24.6 |
BMI (kg/m2) (178) | 22.7±5.6 |
DM | |
Type 1 (194) | 94.9 |
Type 2 (17) | 7.9 |
Secondary DM (2) | 0.9 |
MODY (2) | 0.9 |
Worfram’s syndrome (1) | 0.5 |
Comorbidities | |
No comorbidities (205) | 94.9 |
DLP (7) | 3.2 |
HTN (2) | 0.9 |
Multiple (2) | 0.9 |
Complications | |
No complications (200) | 92.6 |
Microvascular (other than retinopathy) (16) | 7.4 |
DKA at presentation | |
No (143) | 66.2 |
Yes (73) | 33.8 |
HbA1c (214) | 10.0±2.3 |
RBS mmol/l (26) | 13.5±6.7 |
ACR mg/mmol (192) | 8.1±47.5 |
Lipid profile (153) | |
Total cholesterol | 4.7±1.0 |
HDL mmol/l | 1.4±0.3 |
LDL mmol/l | 2.9±0.9 |
TG mmol/l | 1.4±0.8 |
First DR screening | |
Yes (113) | 52.3 |
No (103) | 47.7 |
BCVA worse eye | |
Normal (193) | 90.2 |
Abnormal (21) | 9.8 |
IOP (mmHg) | |
Normal (59) | 85.5 |
High IOP (10) | 14.5 |
OCT RE (28) | |
Average thickness (μm) | 265.7±11.6 |
Average volume (mm3) | 7.5±0.3 |
Retinal treatment | |
No treatment (216) | 100 |
SD: Standard deviations, BMI: Body mass index, DM: Diabetes mellitus, MODY: Maturity-onset diabetes of the young, DLP: Dyslipidemia, HTN: Hypertension, DKA: Diabetic ketoacidosis, HbA1c: Glycated hemoglobin, RBS: Random blood sugar, ACR: Albumin/creatinine ratio, HDL: High-density lipoprotein, LDL: Low-density lipoprotein, TG: Triglycerides, DR: Diabetic retinopathy, BCVA: Best-corrected visual acuity, IOP: Intraocular pressure, OCT: Optical coherence tomography