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. 2020 Feb 14;11:80. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00080

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Copyright © 2020 Mehanny, Koch, Lehr and Fuhrmann.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Streptococcal membrane vesicles (MVs) show successful uptake within mammalian cells shown by colocalization during flow cytometry measurement. (A) Phycoerythrin (PE-A) channel fluorescence intensity after incubation of cells with DiI-labeled MVs, with respect to control (PBS-treated) cells. The dashed line separates PE-A channel positive and negative cells. (B) Average percentage uptake of fluorescently labeled MVs inside four mammalian cell lines (A549, HaCaT, dTHP-1, and DC2.4) after different incubation periods (0.5, 2, and 4 h) and uptake of MVs into (A549 and DC2.4) cells after 24-h incubation. (C) Average percentage uptake of fluorescently labeled MVs into four mammalian cell lines (A549, HaCaT, dTHP-1, and DC2.4) after a 4-h incubation period at 4°C. (D) Average percentage uptake of fluorescently labeled liposomes into (A549 and DC2.4) cells after various incubation periods (0.5, 4, 24 h). n = 3, mean ± SD.