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. 2020 Feb 14;11:80. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00080

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Copyright © 2020 Mehanny, Koch, Lehr and Fuhrmann.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Internalization of pneumococcal membrane vesicles (MVs) into various somatic (A549 and HaCaT) and immune cell lines (dTHP-1 and DC2.4), as confirmed by confocal microscopy imaging, after various incubation periods (0.5, 2, and 4 h). Overlay images are shown, where nuclei are blue-stained [4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI)], cellular membranes are green-stained [fluorescein–wheat germ agglutinin (WGA)], while MVs are orange-red-stained (DiI). Scale bar represents 50 μm.