Table 3: AMSTAR scores for the methodological quality of included reviews and SIGN hierarchy of the level of evidence of included reviews.
AMSTAR | SIGN | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. Was an ‘a priori’ design provided? | 2. Was there duplicate study selection and data extraction? | 3. Was a compre-hensive literature search performed? | 4. Was the status of publication (i.e. grey literature) used as an inclusion criterion? | 5. Was a list of studies (included and excluded) provided? | 6. Were the characteris-tics of the included studies provided? | 7. Was the scientific quality of the included studies assessed and document-ed? | 8. Was the scientific quality of the included studies used appropri-ately in formulating conclu-sions? | 9. Were the methods used to combine the findings of studies appropri-ate? | 10. Was the likelihood of publication bias assessed? | 11. Was the conflict of interest included? | ||||
Smidt, et al., 2003, [11] | Yes | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 7 | 1++ | ||||
No | X | X | X | |||||||||||
Can't Answer | ||||||||||||||
Not applicable | X | |||||||||||||
Trudel, et al., 2004, [10] | Yes | X | X | X | X | 4 | 1+ | |||||||
No | X | X | X | X | X | |||||||||
Can't Answer | ||||||||||||||
Not applicable | X | X | ||||||||||||
Bjordal, et al., 2008, [15] | Yes | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 8 | 1++ | |||
No | X | X | ||||||||||||
Can't Answer | ||||||||||||||
Not applicable | X | |||||||||||||
Sims, Miller and Elfar 2014, [16] | Yes | X | X | X | X | 4 | 1− | |||||||
No | X | X | X | X | ||||||||||
Can't Answer | ||||||||||||||
Not applicable | X | X | X | |||||||||||
Sayegh and Strauch, 2015, [18] | Yes | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 7 | 1+ | ||||
No | X | X | X | X | ||||||||||
Can't Answer | ||||||||||||||
Not applicable | ||||||||||||||
Weber, et al., 2015, [17] | Yes | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 7 | 1+ | ||||
No | X | X | X | X | ||||||||||
Can't Answer | ||||||||||||||
Not applicable | ||||||||||||||
Bisset, et al., 2015, [2] | Yes | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 8 | 1+ | |||
No | X | |||||||||||||
Can't Answer | ||||||||||||||
Not applicable | X | X |