Table 3.
Factor distribution in participants with or without cognitive impairment
| Characteristics | Total | Cognitive impairment | Non-cognitive impairment | P* |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | 5854 | 320 | 5534 | |
| Age (yr) | < 0.001 | |||
| 45–55 | 2641 | 60 (2.3) | 2581 (97.7) | |
| 55–65 | 2025 | 117 (5.8) | 1908 (94.2) | |
| 65–75 | 817 | 67 (8.2) | 750 (91.8) | |
| > 75 | 371 | 76 (20.5) | 295 (79.5) | |
| Sex | 0.196 | |||
| Male | 3223 | 165 (5.1) | 3058 (94.9) | |
| Female | 2631 | 155 (5.9) | 2476 (94.1) | |
| Education | < 0.001 | |||
| Illiteracy | 273 | 98 (35.9) | 175 (64.1) | |
| Primary school | 324 | 55 (17.0) | 269 (83.0) | |
| Junior high school | 2397 | 134 (5.6) | 2263 (94.4) | |
| High school | 1521 | 23 (1.5) | 1498 (98.5) | |
| University and above | 1339 | 10 (0.7) | 1329 (99.3) | |
| Previous history of disease | ||||
| Arterial hypertension | 603 | 50 (8.3) | 553 (91.7) | 0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 175 | 15 (8.6) | 160 (91.4) | 0.067 |
| Dyslipidemia | 435 | 27 (6.2) | 408 (93.8) | 0.480 |
| Smoking | 0.077 | |||
| Never | 3923 | 222 (5.7) | 3701 (94.3) | |
| Current | 1598 | 73 (4.6) | 1525 (95.4) | |
| Former (quit smoking for less than 12 months) | 91 | 9 (9.9) | 82 (90.1) | |
| Former (quit smoking for more than 12 months) | 242 | 16 (6.6) | 226 (93.4) | |
| Passive smoking | 1122 | 41 (3.7) | 1081 (96.3) | < 0.001 |
| Alcohol consumption | < 0.001 | |||
| Never | 4065 | 249 (6.1) | 3816 (93.9) | |
| Less than two standard drinks | 1211 | 46 (3.8) | 1165 (96.2) | |
| Equal or more than two standard drinks | 472 | 22 (4.7) | 450 (95.3) | |
| Drinking, but not quantities | 106 | 3 (2.8) | 103 (97.2) |
Data are expressed as the n (%). *The results were analyzed by the chi-square test. For ranked data, Wilcoxon rank sum test was used for two groups of data and Kruskal-Wallis test was used for multiple groups of data.