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. 2020 Feb 14;11:104. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00104

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Copyright © 2020 Long, Xia, Xu, Liu, Fan, Bao, Zhao and Liu.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Serum IL-10, IL-12, and IL-21 analysis and their relationship with TFR and TFH. (A) IL-10, IL-12, and IL-21 levels in serum of 44 healthy controls, 44 UC patients in active stage and 44 UC patients in stable remission were analyzed by ELISA. Their levels among three groups were compared. Symbols represent individual subjects and bars show the mean ± SD. **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001; ns, not significant. (B–D) Correlation analysis between serum IL-10, IL-12, IL-21 concentrations, and percentages of CXCR5⁺FoxP3⁺ TFR cells, CXCR5⁺FoxP3⁻ TFH cells was performed among 88 UC patients, including 44 active and 44 stable remission UC patients. Correlation analysis between cytokine levels and CXCR3⁻CCR6⁻ TFH2 subsets was conducted in 64 UC patients (32 active and 32 stable remission UC patients). The r-values were the Spearman's correlation coefficients, and p < 0.05 was linearly regressed to show relevant trends.