Table 4.
Adjusted odds ratios (ORs)1 for reported musculoskeletal discomfort within the last year according to various measures of load carrying exposure, Shinyanga Region, Tanzania, July–August 2016.
| Characteristics | Musculoskeletal Discomfort | |||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Head pain lasting >3 days, last 12 months | Neck pain lasting >3 days, last 12 months | Back pain lasting >3 days, last 12 months | Knee pain lasting >3 days, last 12 months | Feet/Ankle pain lasting >3 days, last 12 months | ||||||||||||||||
| No (n = 47) | Yes (n = 35) | OR | 95% CI | No (n = 32) | Yes (n = 50) | OR | 95% CI | No (n = 42) | Yes (n = 40) | OR | 95% CI | No (n = 47) | Yes (n = 35) | OR | 95% CI | No (n = 43) | Yes (n = 39) | OR | 95% CI | |
| Weight of load (kg) (n = 80) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Low | 14 (29.8) | 13 (39.4) | 1.00 | 11 (35.5) | 16 (32.7) | 1.00 | 17 (41.5) | 10 (25.6) | 1.00 | 17 (37.0) | 10 (29.4) | 1.00 | 14 (33.3) | 13 (34.2) | 1.00 | |||||
| Medium | 22 (46.8) | 7 (21.2) | 0.29 | (0.09, 0.97) | 12 (38.7) | 17 (34.7) | 0.91 | (0.29, 2.80) | 15 (36.6) | 14 (35.9) | 2.12 | (0.62, 6.86) | 14 (30.4) | 15 (44.1) | 2.44 | (0.71, 8.39) | 18 (42.9) | 11 (29.0) | 0.58 | (0.18, 1.88) |
| High | 11 (23.4) | 13 (39.4) | 1.13 | (0.34, 3.67) | 8 (25.8) | 16 (32.7) | 1.19 | (0.35, 4.02) | 9 (22.0) | 15 (38.5) | 3.79 | (1.07, 13.47) | 15 (32.6) | 9 (26.5) | 1.23 | (0.34, 4.55) | 10 (23.8) | 14 (36.8) | 1.30 | (0.39, 4.32) |
| Average load carry duration (mins) (n = 82) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Low | 19 (40.4) | 16 (45.7) | 1.00 | 12 (37.5) | 23 (46.0) | 1.00 | 23 (54.8) | 12 (30.0) | 1.00 | 19 (40.3) | 16 (45.7) | 1.00 | 18 (41.9) | 17 (43.6) | 1.00 | |||||
| Medium | 18 (38.3) | 14 (40.0) | 0.86 | (0.32, 2.33) | 13 (40.6) | 19 (38.0) | 0.71 | (0.25, 1.98) | 14 (33.3) | 18 (45.0) | 2.12 | (0.77, 5.87) | 20 (42.6) | 12 (34.3) | 0.45 | (0.17, 1.39) | 20 (46.5) | 12 (30.8) | 0.46 | (0.16, 1.35) |
| High | 10 (21.3) | 5 (14.3) | 0.52 | (0.14, 1.90) | 7 (21.9) | 8 (16.0) | 0.55 | (0.16, 1.96) | 5 (11.9) | 10 (25.0) | 3.46 | (0.93, 12.80) | 8 (17.0) | 7 (20.0) | 0.73 | (0.19, 2.77) | 5 (11.6) | 10 (25.6) | 1.76 | (0.47, 6.60) |
| # of loads/Week (n = 82) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Low | 19 (40.4) | 9 (25.7) | 1.00 | 11 (34.4) | 17 (34.0) | 1.00 | 15 (35.7) | 13 (32.5) | 1.00 | 19 (40.4) | 9 (25.7) | 1.00 | 11 (34.4) | 17 (34.0) | 1.00 | |||||
| Medium | 19 (40.4) | 14 40.0) | 1.74 | (0.59, 5.16) | 14 (43.8) | 19 (38.0) | 0.78 | (0.27, 2.24) | 17 (40.5) | 16 (40.0) | 1.09 | (0.38, 3.15) | 19 (40.4) | 14 (40.0) | 1.74 | (0.59, 5.16) | 14 (43.8) | 19 (38.0) | 0.78 | (0.27, 2.24) |
| High | 9 (19.2) | 12 (34.3) | 3.43 | (0.97, 12.02) | 7 (21.9) | 14 (28.0) | 1.00 | (0.29, 3.53) | 10 (23.8) | 11 (27.5) | 1.27 | (0.37, 4.31) | 9 (19.2) | 12 (34.3) | 3.42 | (0.97, 12.02) | 7 (21.9) | 14 (28.0) | 1.00 | (0.29, 3.53) |
| Total Duration/Week (mins) (n = 82) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Low | 17 (36.2) | 12 (34.3) | 1.00 | 11 (34.4) | 18 (36.0) | 1.00 | 18 (42.9) | 11 (27.5) | 1.00 | 17 (36.2) | 12 (34.3) | 1.00 | 15 (34.9) | 14 (5.9) | 1.00 | |||||
| Medium | 16 (34.0) | 11 (31.4) | 1.14 | (0.37, 3.54) | 12 (37.5) | 15 (30.0) | 0.57 | (0.18, 1.82) | 16 (38.1) | 11 (27.5) | 1.14 | (0.35, 3.72) | 17 (36.2) | 10 (28.6) | 1.20 | (0.35, 4.08) | 17 (39.5) | 10 (25.6) | 0.58 | (0.18, 1.91) |
| High | 14 (29.8) | 12 (34.3) | 1.12 | (0.37, 3.35) | 9 (28.1) | 17 (34.0) | 1.01 | (0.32, 3.18) | 8 (19.1) | 18 (45.0) | 3.70 | (1.15, 11.89) | 13 (27.7) | 13 (37.1) | 1.35 | (0.41, 4.38) | 11 (25.6) | 15 (38.5) | 1.19 | (0.38, 3.68) |
| Cumulative load (kg*mins/Week) (n = 80) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Low | 16 (34.0) | 11 (33.3) | 1.00 | 11 (35.5) | 16 (32.7) | 1.00 | 17 (41.5) | 10 (25.6) | 1.00 | 18 (39.1) | 9 (26.5) | 1.00 | 13 (31.0) | 14 (6.8) | 1.00 | |||||
| Medium | 17 (36.2) | 10 (30.3) | 0.88 | (0.28, 2.74) | 11 (35.5) | 16 (32.7) | 0.88 | (0.28, 2.74) | 16 (39.0) | 11 (28.2) | 1.47 | (0.46, 4.73) | 15 (32.6) | 12 (35.3) | 2.79 | (0.77, 10.15) | 17 (40.5) | 10 (26.3) | 0.54 | (0.17, 1.72) |
| High | 14 (29.8) | 12 (36.4) | 1.16 | (0.38, 3.59) | 9 (29.0) | 17 (34.7) | 1.14 | (0.36, 3.65) | 8 (19.5) | 18 (46.2) | 3.94 | (1.19, 13.07) | 13 (28.3) | 13 (38.2) | 2.16 | (0.61, 7.69) | 12 (28.6) | 14 (36.8) | 0.83 | (0.26, 2.60) |
1 Adjusted for age, BMI, and parity.