Table 2.

PEA analytical concepts (from Lundqvist, Almqvist, and Östman 2009; Wickman and Östman 2002; Wickman 2012).

PEA Concept	Description of Concept
Purpose	Ascertaining the purpose(s) for the individuals’ participation or engagement in a particular activity and/or practice, asking what is going on here.
Gaps	Identification of gaps or indeterminacies in knowledge, behaviours, interactions and/or feelings. For example, a gap between what an individual desire and what they actually have in a certain situation.
Relations	Identification of what an individual does to ‘fill’ the gaps, and how they fill the gaps. For example, what information, practices, knowledge, skills etc., do individuals’ draw on to handle the indeterminacy. The overarching point is that individuals need to create relations between what they already know and the new situation, and that learning occurs when new relations are constructed.
Standfast	Identification of what is immediately ineligible and actions they use in a certain situation without hesitating what it means. A focus on what is not questioned and taken for granted when acting, and where no additional information is needed for the individual to address the gaps.
Encounters	Identification of what, who and in relation to what individuals meet and engage with in these situations.