. 2020 Feb;49:101226. doi: 10.1016/j.smrv.2019.101226

Table 4.

Total sedentary time and physical activity.

Outcome	Age group	Unfavorably related to exposure	Favorably related to exposure	Summary		N participants (total (if n = 1) or range)	Quality
Outcome	Age group	Unfavorably related to exposure	Favorably related to exposure	n/N (%)*	P value^#	N participants (total (if n = 1) or range)	Quality
Exposure: sedentary behavior
Sleep duration	Infants	[27,49]		2/2 (100.0)	0.250	Cross-sectional: 22 to 183	Very low^a
Night awakenings	Infants	[27]		1/1 (100.0)	0.500	Cross-sectional: 22	Very low^a
Daytime napping	Infants	[27]	[49]	1/2 (100.0)	0.750	Cross-sectional: 22 to 183	Very low^a
Sleep efficiency	Infants		[49]	1/1 (100.0)	0.500	Cross-sectional: 183	Very low^a
Sleep duration	Preschoolers	[31]	[21]	1/2 (50.0)	0.750	Cross-sectional: 131 to 216	Very low^a
Night awakenings	Preschoolers		[21]	0/1 (0.0)	0.500	Cross-sectional: 216	Very low^a
Bedtime	Preschoolers	[20]		1/1 (100.0)	0.500	Cross-sectional: 216	Very low^a
Sleep quality	Preschoolers	[36]^c		1/1 (100.0)	0.500	RCT: 809	Moderate^a
Exposure: Total Physical Activity
Sleep duration	Infants	[49]		0/1 (0.0)	0.500	Cross-sectional: 183	Very low^a
Sleep efficiency	Infants	[49]		0/1 (0.0)	0.500	Cross-sectional: 183	Very low^a
Daytime napping	Infants	[49]		0/1 (0.0)	0.500	Cross-sectional: 183	Very low^a
Sleep duration	Toddlers	[52]	[33]	1/2 (50.0)	0.750	Cross-sectional: 173 to 240	Very low^a
Sleep quality	Toddlers		[33,52]	2/2 (100.0)	0.250	Cross-sectional: 173 to 240	Very low^a
Sleep stability	Toddlers		[52]	1/1 (100.0)	0.500	Cross-sectional: 173 to 183	Very low^a
Sleep duration	Preschoolers	[20]		0/1 (0.0)	0.500	Cross-sectional: 216	Very low^a
Night awakenings	Preschoolers	[20]		0/1 (0.0)	0.500	Cross-sectional: 216	Very low^a
Sleep stability	Preschoolers		[19]^b	1/1 (100.0)	0.500	Cross-sectional: 143	Low
Exposure: Light Physical Activity
Bedtime	Preschoolers	[20]		0/1 (0.0)	0.500	Cross-sectional: 216	Very low^a
Exposure: Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity
Sleep duration	Toddlers	[52]		0/1 (0.0)	0.500	Cross-sectional: 173	Very low^a
Sleep quality	Toddlers	[52]	[33]	1/2 (50.0)	0.750	Cross-sectional: 173 to 240	Very low^a
Sleep stability	Toddlers		[52]	1/1 (100.0)	0.500	Cross-sectional: 173	Very low^a
Sleep duration	Preschoolers	[45]	[31]	1/2 (50.0)	0.750	Cross-sectional: 112 to 131	Low
Bedtime	Preschoolers	[20]		0/1 (0.0)	0.500	Cross-sectional: 216	Very low^a
Sleep quality	Preschoolers		[36]	1/1 (100.0)	0.500	RCT: 809	Moderate^a
Sleep stability	Preschoolers		[19]	1/1 (100.0)	0.500	Longitudinal: 143	Low
Exposure: Floor-based play
Sleep duration	Infants	[49]		0/1 (0.0)	0.500	Cross-sectional: 183	Very low^a
Sleep efficiency	Infants		[49]	1/1 (100.0)	0.500	Cross-sectional: 183	Very low^a
Daytime napping	Infants	[46]		0/1 (0.0)	0.500	Cross-sectional: 183	Very low^a
Exposure: Outdoor play/outdoor time
Sleep duration	Toddlers	[51,51]		0/2 (100.0)	0.250	Longitudinal: 369 Cross-sectional: 497	Very low^a
Night awakenings	Toddlers		[51]^b	2/2 (100.0)	0.250	Longitudinal: 369 Cross-sectional: 497	Very low^a
Bedtime	Toddlers		[51]^b	2/2 (100.0)	0.250	Longitudinal: 369 Cross-sectional: 497	Very low^a
Sleep latency	Toddlers		[51]^b	2/2 (100.0)	0.250	Longitudinal: 369 Cross-sectional: 497	Very low^a
Sleep duration	Preschoolers	[51]	[51]	1/2 (50.0)	0.750	Cross-sectional: 415 to 1028	Very low^a
Night awakenings	Preschoolers		[51]	1/1 (100.0)	0.500	Cross-sectional: 415	Very low^a
Bedtime	Preschoolers		[51]	1/1 (100.0)	0.500	Cross-sectional: 415	Very low^a
Sleep latency	Preschoolers		[51]	1/1 (100.0)	0.500	Cross-sectional: 415	Very low^a
Exposure: Organized sport participation
Bedtime	Preschoolers		[44]	1/1 (100.0)	0.500	Cross-sectional: 48	Very low^a
Sleep efficiency	Preschoolers		[44]	1/1 (100.0)	0.500	Cross-sectional: 48	Very low^a

RCT: randomized controlled trial. *n = number of associations showing unfavorable association (sedentary behavior) or favorable association, N = total number of associations for the specific exposure-outcome relationship reported; #two-sided p-value from the binomial probability test. Small p-value indicates higher probability that the results are valid.

Quality of evidence was downgraded due to serious risk of bias. Quality rating of individual studies can be found in Table S1.

IndicatesLongitudinal study.

Indicates RCT.