Table 1.

Sample and methodological characterization of the studies analysed and included for the meta-analysis (N = 19).

Autor/Year	Country	N Sample (♂/♀)	Age (years) $\bar{x}$ (DP) or (min-max)	Education	Study Design/Data Source	Outcome	Clinical Diagnostc	ACE Measures
Romans, Belaise, Martin, Morris, and Raffi (2002)	New Zealand	354 ♀	26–70	NI	Cross-sectional Retrospective/Randon community-based sample	Asthma	SR	DS
Wainwright, Surtees, Wareham, and Harrison (2007a)	United Kingdom	9081 ♂ 11,807 ♀	41 – 80	NI	Cross-sectional Study/NCEPIC	Asthma	SR	DS
Scott et al. (2008)	America, Europe, Asia	7394 ♂ 10,909 ♀	21 – 98	NI	Cross-sectional Population Survey/WMHS	Asthma	SR	DS
Coogan et al. (2013)	United States	28,456 ♀	21 – 69	49% COL	Prospective cohort/BWHS	Asthma	SR	DS
Gilbert et al. (2014)	United States	21,322 ♂ 32,676 ♀	≥ 18	37,8% COL	Cross-sectional Population Survey/BRFSS	Asthma	SR	DS
Santaularia et al. (2014)	United States	8160 ♀	≥ 18	NI	Cross-sectional Survey/Kansas BRFSS	Asthma	SR	DS
Felitti et al. (1998)	United States	3859 ♂ 4197 ♀	$\bar{x}$ = 56,1	43,4% COL	Cross-sectional Population Survey/KPSDHAC	COPD	SR	DS
Springer (2009)	United States	3317 ♂♀	$\bar{x}$ = 53,8	NI	Cross-sectional Population Survey/WLS	COPD	SR	CTS
Cunningham et al. (2014)	United States	19,015 ♂ 26,546 ♀	≥ 18	35,8% COL	Cross-sectional Population Survey/BRFSS	COPD	SR	DS
Brown et al. (2010)	United States	7970 ♂ 9367 ♀	≥ 18	39,3% COL	Prospective cohort/KPSDHAC	Lung Cancer	HR	CTS
Anda et al. (2008)	United States	7117 ♂ 8355 ♀	$\bar{x}$ = 56 (±15)	40% COL	Prospective cohort/ACE Study Cohort	Lung Disease (Asthma + Bronchitis + Emphysema)	SR HR	CTS
Downey et al. (2017)	United States	2541 ♂ 3820 ♀	≥ 18	30,5% COL	Cross-sectional Population Survey/BRFSS	Lung Disease (Bronchitis + Emphysema+COPD)	SR	DS
Scott, Smith, and Ellis (2012)	New Zealand	599 ♂ 814 ♀	$\bar{x}$ = 22	47,7% HS	Cross-sectional Survey/NZMHS	Asthma	SR	DS
Afifi et al. (2016)	Canada	23,395 ♂♀	≥ 18	NI	Cross-sectional Survey/CCHS	Asthma COPD	SR	CEVQ
Abajobir et al. (2017)	Australia	1783 ♂ 1979 ♀	≥ 18	NI	Prospective Cohort/MUSP	Asthma	SR+LF	SWCPR
Banerjee, Gelaye, Zhong, Sanchez, and Williams (2018)	Peru	3081 ♀	≥ 18	NI	Cross-sectional Survey/Outpatient from Intitution for Maternal Perinatal	Asthma	SR	CPSAQ
Llabre et al. (2017)	United States	2260 ♂ 2746 ♀	18 – 74	NI	Cross-sectional Study/HCHSL	Asthma COPD	SR	DS
Goodwin, Wamboldt, and Pine (2003)	United States	5877 ♂♀	18 – 54	NI	Cross-sectional Population Survey/NCS	Lung Disease (Asthma + Bronchitis + Tuberculosis)	SR	DS
Kamiya et al. (2016)	Ireland	8178 ♂♀	≥ 50	NI	Cross-sectional Population Survey/ILSA	Lung Disease (Asthma+COPD)	SR	DS

BL: Basic Level; BRFSS: Behaviour Risk Factor Surveillance Survey; BWHS: Black Women’s Health Study; CCHS: Cannadian Community Health Survey; CEVQ: Childhood Experiences of Violence Questionnaire; CPSAQ: Childhood Physical and Sexual Abuse Questionnaire; COPD: Chronic Obstrutive Pulmonar Disease; COL: College; CTQ: Childhood Trauma Questionnaire; CTS: Conflict Tatics Scale; DCFS: Department of Child and Family Services; DS: Developed for Study; HCHSL: Hispanic Community Health Study of Latinos; HR: Hospital Records; HS:High School; HSS: Health and Social Support; ILSA: Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing; IR: Institutional Register; KPSDHAC: Kaiser Permanente’s San Diego Health Appraisal Clinic; LF: Lung Function; LT: Lung Transplantation; MIDUS: Midlife Development in the United States; MP: Medications Prescription; NCEPIC: Norfolk Cohort of the European Prospective Investigation Into Cancer; NCS: National Comorbidy Survey; NZMHS: New Zealand Mental Health SurveyMESA: Marshfiled Epidemiologic Study Area; RCMHC: Rural Community Mental Health Centre; SR: Self Reported; SWCPR: State Wide Child Protection Records; WLS: Winconsin Longitudinal Study; WMHS: World Mental Health Survey.