Table 3.
Sibling comparisons of substance use disorder criterion counts as a function of EduYears-GPS genome-wide polygenic scores.
| Alcohol Use Disorder Criterion Count (n = 3098) |
Nicotine Dependence Criterion Count (n = 2752) |
Cannabis Use Disorder Criterion Count (n = 3097) |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Parameter | b | 95% CI | b | 95% CI | b | 95% CI |
| Intercept | −6.88 | [−8.26, −5.50] | −2.75 | [−4.29, −1.21] | −1.87 | [−3.00, −0.74] |
| Sex (female) | −0.51 | [−0.57, −0.46] | −0.19 | [−0.25, −0.13] | −0.40 | [−0.46, −0.35] |
| Age | 2.00E-03 | [−3.83E-03, 7.45E-03] | 0.02 | [0.01, 0.02] | −4.00E-03 | [−9.90E-03, 1.45E-03] |
| PC1 | −10.02 | [−117.21, 97.16] | −186.36 | [−305.61, −67.10] | −126.75 | [−235.49, −18.00] |
| PC2 | −0.50 | [−53.35, 52.36] | 41.30 | [−17.28, 99.88] | −4.57 | [−58.33, 49.18] |
| EduYears-GPS count | 1.78E-05 | [1.54E-05, 2.01E-05] | 1.37E-05 | [1.05E-05, 1.70E-05] | 5.47E-05 | [4.09E-05, 6.85E-05] |
| Cohort 2 | 0.34 | [0.12, 0.56] | 0.27 | [−0.03, 0.57] | 0.03 | [−0.20, 0.26] |
| Cohort 3 | 0.53 | [0.27, 0.79] | 0.32 | [−0.02, 0.66] | 0.63 | [0.37, 0.90] |
| Cohort 4 | 0.28 | [−0.03, 0.59] | 0.22 | [−0.18, 0.61] | 0.48 | [0.17, 0.79] |
| EduYears-GPS-deviation | −19,694.89† | [−31,041.68, −8,348.11] | −16,676.08 | [−27,013.63, −6,338.52] | −3,829.85 | [−6,486.43, −1,173.26] |
| EduYears-GPS-mean | −13,147.15 | [−23,328.50, −2,965.80] | −29,327.98 | [−38,688.84, −19,967.11] | −2,870.93 | [−5,437.72, −304.13] |
| EduYears-GPS-deviation ΔR2 | 0.17% | 0.20% | 0.13% | |||
| EduYears-GPS-mean ΔR2 | 0.29% | 1.89% | 0.22% | |||
Notes. Boldface indicates estimate P ≤ 0.05.
denotes that the EduYears-GPS-deviation effect was robust after controlling for sibling and family differences in phenotypic educational attainment (see Supporting Information Table 3).The EduYears-GPS thresholds for each substance were: alcohol (P<0.30); nicotine (P<0.20); cannabis (P<0.01). Abbreviations: PC = principal component for genetic ancestry; Cohort = dummy-coded variables indexing year of birth, defined as [1930–1950); [1950–1970); and [1970–2010); EduYears-GPS count = number of single nucleotide polymorphisms available for polygenic scoring; EduYears-GPS-deviation = the difference of an individual’s EduYears-GPS from the sibling group mean; EduYears-GPS-mean = the sibling group mean of EduYears-GPS; ΔR2 = change in r-squared.