Table 1.
Demographic and neuropsychological characteristics of participants
| Mean (SD) | ||
|---|---|---|
| YA | OA | |
| N | 18 | 19 |
| Age (Years)** | 23.67 (4.51) | 67.00 (6.23) |
| Phonological Reaction Time (ms) | 1297.94 (255.47) | 1352.65 (259.93) |
| Semantic Reaction Time (ms) | 1403.90 (318.28) | 1432.04 (258.97) |
| Phonological Accuracy* | 76.66% (7.45%) | 69.26% (10.54%) |
| Semantic Accuracy* | 72.00% (8.83%) | 65.00% (8.76%) |
| Education (Years) | 16.56 (2.85) | 16.68 (2.21) |
| MMSE (out of 30)* | 29.33 (0.91) | 28.63 (1.07) |
| Forward Digit Span (out of 9) | 7.22 (1.11) | 7.16 (1.34) |
| Backward Digit Span (out of 8) | 5.39 (1.33) | 4.74 (1.19) |
| Verbal Fluency (Total) | 66.11 (16.37) | 68.72 (15.11) |
| Nonverbal Working Memory (RT; ms)** | 839.49 (145.19) | 1121.24 (363.23) |
| Immediate Recall (out of 16) | 12.00 (1.85) | 11.32 (1.70) |
| Delayed Recall (out of 16)** | 11.44 (2.25) | 9.11 (2.51) |
| Simple Speed of Processing (RT; ms)** | 262.20 (33.48) | 284.07 (43.83) |
| Complex Speed of Processing (RT; ms) | 278.17 (21.96) | 342.71 (79.28) |
| Digit Symbol (RT; ms) | 1254.86 (245.94) | 1831.72 (337.76) |
| Stroop Effect (ms) | 9.1 (30.49) | 94.03 (67.50) |
| Vocabulary (out of 66) | 55.00 (6.25) | 56.53 (5.50) |
| Author Recognition (out of 76)** | 15.72 (8.51) | 34.79 (15.05) |
| Magazine Recognition (out of 78)** | 13.33 (6.69) | 23.42 (7.46) |
Significant difference between younger and older adults at *p < .05 and ** p < .005
While the absolute difference between younger and older adults’ Stroop Effect scores is large, a t-test did not reveal significant group differences due to the high variability in scores within both age groups