“A cruel king” is not the same as “a king who is cruel”: Modifier position affects how words are encoded and retrieved from memory

. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Nov 1.

Published in final edited form as: J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 2019 Mar 18;45(11):2010–2035. doi: 10.1037/xlm0000694

	Modifier Position	Order of NPs	Example
a)	Baseline	Baseline	The carpet mesmerized the photographer for hours in the museum.
b)	Pre-modified	Target-Competitor	The ancient_target and ornate carpet mesmerized the photographer_competitor for hours in the museum.
c)	Pre-modified	Competitor-Target	The carpet_competitor mesmerized the stylish and artistic photographer_target for hours in the museum.
d)	Post-modified	Target-Competitor	The carpet_target that was ancient and ornate mesmerized the photographer_competitor for hours in the museum.
e)	Post-modified	Competitor-Target	The carpet_target mesmerized the photographer_competitor who was stylish and artistic for hours in the museum.