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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: Hypertension. 2020 Feb 3;75(3):835–843. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.119.14233

Table 1.

Definitions for each type of morning blood pressure surge and each component of the types of morning surge.

Type of morning BP surge Definition of morning BP surge and each morning BP surge component
Sleep-trough morning BP surge Post-awakening BP (mean BP in the two hours after awakening)
minus
Lowest nighttime BP (mean of the lowest BP during sleep as well as the measurement before and after the lowest BP measurement)
Pre-awakening morning BP surge Post-awakening BP (mean BP in the two hours after awakening)
minus
Pre-awakening BP (mean BP in the two hours before awakening)
Rising morning BP surge First post-awakening BP (the one BP measurement immediately after awakening)
minus
Last pre-awakening BP (the one BP measurement immediately before awakening)

Each type of morning surge and the components can be calculated for systolic BP and separately, diastolic BP.

BP: blood pressure.