Table 5.
Hazard ratios for cardiovascular disease events associated with the slope of morning systolic blood pressure surge (n=917).
| Slope of morning SBP surge (range), mmHg/hour | N events/N participants | Hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | ||
| Tertile 1 (−8.3 to < −1.8) | 24/305 | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) |
| Tertile 2 (−1.8 to < −0.2) | 26/306 | 1.13 (0.65–1.98) | 1.20 (0.69–2.11) | 1.14 (0.65–1.99) |
| Tertile 3 (−0.2 to 9.6) | 41/306 | 1.57 (0.94–2.62) | 1.43 (0.85–2.43) | 1.33 (0.78–2.27) |
| P-trend | − | 0.077 | 0.180 | 0.286 |
SBP: systolic blood pressure.
The hazard ratios for cardiovascular disease are adjusted for the competing risk of death.
Model 1: Adjustment for age, sex, less than a high school education, body mass index and current smoking status.
Model 2: Adjustment for the variables in model 1 and diabetes status, estimated glomerular filtration rate < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2, albumin to creatinine ratio > 30 mg/g, sleep duration, antihypertensive medication use and clinic systolic blood pressure.
Model 3: Adjustment for the variables in model 2 and 24-hour systolic blood pressure.