TABLE 1.
Baseline characteristics of the study cohort (N = 2861)
| Variable | No surgery (n = 193) | iAVR (n = 1224) | iAAI (n = 146) | AVR+AAI (n = 1298) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aortic diameter (mm) | 40.6 ± 5.6 | 37.0 ± 5.9 | 50.3 ± 8.7 | 46.5 ± 8.7 | <.001 |
| Aortic diameter <45 mm | 153 (79.3) | 1117 (91.3) | 28 (19.2) | 488 (37.6) | <.001 |
| Aortic diameter 45–49 mm | 25 (13.0) | 78 (6.4) | 37 (25.3) | 356 (27.4) | <.001 |
| Aortic diameter 50–54 mm | 15 (7.8) | 25 (2.0) | 37 (25.3) | 286 (22.0) | <.001 |
| Aortic diameter ≥55 mm | 0 (0) | 4 (0.3) | 44 (30.1) | 168 (12.9) | <.001 |
| Age (y) | 62.2 ± 14.6 | 59.8 ± 13.0 | 49.4 ± 12.7 | 55.3 ± 12.6 | <.001 |
| Male sex | 127 (65.8) | 885 (72.3) | 109 (74.7) | 1032 (79.5) | <.001 |
| Height (cm)* | 173.0 ± 11.5 | 172.3 ± 10.1 | 175.2 ± 13.2 | 175.4 ± 10.0 | <.001 |
| Weight (kg)† | 85.6 ± 21 | 83.7 ± 17.9 | 86.8 ± 19.7 | 87.1 ± 18.6 | <.001 |
| Body surface area (m2)‡ | 1.99 ± 0.3 | 1.96 ± 0.23 | 2.02 ± 0.28 | 2.02 ± 0.24 | <.001 |
| Aortic cross-sectional area to height ratio* (cm2/m) | 7.5 ± 1.9 | 6.4 ± 2.0 | 10.8 ± 2.8 | 9.5 ± 3.1 | <.001 |
| Moderate or severe aortic insufficiency§ | 32 (17.9) | 438 (41.1) | 43 (30.1) | 570 (51.4) | <.001 |
| Moderate or severe aortic stenosis∥ | 39 (26.2) | 820 (76.6) | 14 (10.5) | 526 (47.9) | <.001 |
| Mixed aortic regurgitation and stenosis¶ | 6 (4.2) | 269 (25.4) | 3 (2.3) | 233 (21.5) | <.001 |
| Hypertension# | 118 (61.1) | 782 (67.3) | 35 (48.6) | 700 (66.3) | .006 |
| Smoking** | 82 (45.3) | 125 (11.8) | 12 (16.7) | 73 (8.3) | <.001 |
| Hyperlipidemia†† | 91 (49.7) | 428 (75.4) | 13 (72.2) | 352 (64.9) | <.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus‡‡ | 0 (0) | 237 (21.5) | 4 (5.7) | 150 (15.1) | <.001 |
| Coronary artery disease§§ | 15 (4.2) | 227 (30.1) | 8 (13.1) | 109 (18.2) | <.001 |
| Stroke or TIA∥∥ | 5 (6.2) | 48 (9.8) | 2 (7.1) | 48 (8.8) | .737 |
| Turner syndrome¶¶ | – | 0 (0) | 2 (4.8) | 1 (0.3) | .003 |
| Family history of aneurysm or dissection## | – | 10 (1.8) | 2 (4.9) | 20 (4.2) | .059 |
| Marfan syndrome*** | – | 4 (0.5) | 2 (4.6) | 11 (1.5) | .019 |
Values for continuous variables are presented as mean ± standard deviation, whereas values for categorical variables are presented as as n (%). P values were calculated by Kruskal-Wallis test for continuous variables and χ2 test for categorical variables with n >5 or Fisher exact test if n ≤5. iAVR, Isolated aortic valve replacement; iAAI, isolated ascending aortic intervention; AVR+AAI, aortic valve replacement and ascending aortic intervention; TIA, transient ischemic attack.
*
n = 2150.
†
n = 2138.
‡
n = 2097.
§
n = 2497.
∥
n = 2451.
¶
n = 2417.
#
n = 2483.
**
n = 2188.
††
n = 1311.
‡‡
n = 2174.
§§
n = 1527.
∥∥
n = 1144.
¶¶
n = 847.
##
n = 1066.
***
n = 1584.