Table 2.

Clinical symptom grading scales

Score	Gait	Balance	Continence	mRS
0				No symptoms
1	Normal	Stands independently ≥ 30 s on either lower extremity alone	Normal	No significant disability. Able to carry out all usual activities, despite some symptoms
2	Slight disturbance of tandem walk and turning	Stands independently for 5–29 s on either lower extremity alone	Urgency without incontinence	Slight disability. Able to look after own affairs without assistance, but unable to carry out all previous activities
3	Wide-based gait with sway, without foot corrections	Stands independently ≥ 30 s with the feet together (at the heels)	Infrequent incontinence without napkin	Moderate disability. Requires some help, but able to walk unassisted
4	Tendency to fall, with foot corrections	Stands independently 5–29 s with feet together (at the heels)	Frequent incontinence with napkin	Moderately severe disability. Unable to attend to own bodily needs without assistance, and unable to walk unassisted
5	Walking with cane	Stands independently ≥ 30 s with the feet apart (one foot length)	Bladder incontinence	Severe disability. Requires constant nursing care and attention, bedridden, incontinent
6	Bi-manual support needed	Stands independently 5–29 s with the feet apart (one foot length)	Bladder and bowel incontinence
7	Aided	Unable to stand without assistance	Indwelling urinary catheter
8	Wheelchair bound