Table 4.
Multivariate hazard ratios of future MetS, diabetes, hypertension by serum calcium level.
| Metabolic syndrome | Diabetes mellitus | Hypertension | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 1 | Model 2 | |||||||
| Events | Events | Events | ||||||||||
| HR (95% CI) | P value | HR (95% CI) | P value | HR (95% CI) | P value | HR (95%CI) | P value | HR (95%CI) | P value | HR (95% CI) | P value | |
| Total | N = 109 | N = 53 | N = 165 | |||||||||
| *1.67 (1.08–2.58) | 0.021 | *1.73 (1.07–2.79) | 0.024 | *2.23 (1.21–4.12) | 0.010 | *2.51 (1.30–4.83) | 0.006 | *1.50 (1.06–2.13) | 0.023 | *1.76 (1.22–2.55) | 0.003 | |
| Male | N = 86 | N = 42 | N = 129 | |||||||||
|
*1.61 (1.03–2.50) |
0.036 |
*1.76 (1.07–2.89) |
0.027 |
*2.25 (1.21–4.19) |
0.011 |
*2.86 (1.45–5.66) |
0.003 |
1.35 (0.95–1.93) |
0.096 |
*1.71 (1.17–2.50) |
0.006 | |
| Female | N = 23 | N = 11 | N = 36 | |||||||||
| — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
*12.42 (3.39–45.49) |
<0.001 |
*5.35 (1.14–25.03) |
0.033 | |
MetS, Metabolic syndrome; HR, Hazard ratio.
Model 1: Adjusted for age, gender and body mass index (BMI); Model 2: Adjusted for age, gender, BMI, total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-C, creatinine, uric acid, serum albumin, proteinuria, and smoking status.
Response variables: Incident MetS or diabetes or hypertension; Explanatory variables: Serum calcium level (mg/dL).
*Statistically significant variables (p value < 0.05).