Effect of deletion and insertion of C16L/B22R on replication of MVA in human cells. A549, MRC-5, 293T, and HeLa cells were infected with v51.2 and mutants in which C16L/B22R or C17L/B23R or both were deleted (A and B), or MVA mutants in which the C16L or C17L ORFs were added (C–F), or in which the C16L was added or the deletion in B22R was repaired (G). In A and B, v51.2ΔC16/ΔB22 and v51.2ΔC17/ΔB23 are abbreviated ΔC16 and ΔC17, respectively. Cells were infected in duplicate with 0.01 pfu per cell of virus for 48 h, and the titers from each were determined by plaque assay on CEF. Virus titers from each infection are shown as dots, and the bar represents the mean value.