Table II.
Methodological Overview of Transgender Health Study Designs as Reported by Study Authors (n=116 studies).
| Column A | Column B | Column C | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Study Design | # Studies | Sampling Method | # Studies | Measures of Association | # Studies |
| Cross-sectional | 90 | Clinic-based recruitment (gender dysphoric participants) and internet-based recruitment (controls) | 29 | Prevalence | 95 |
| Prospective cohort | 7 | Internet-based or online recruitment | 17 | Age-standardized prevalence | 1 |
| Repeated cross sectional survey | 2 | Approached through trans organizations, referrals from venues, and internet advertisements | 6 | RDS-weighted prevalence | 3 |
| Pre post intervention design | 2 | Probability-based sampling | 3 | Standardized Mortality Ratio (SMR) | 1 |
| Randomized controlled efficacy trial | 1 | Respondent-driven sampling | 8 | Period prevalence (per 100,000 patients) | 3 |
| Retrospective chart review, case review, case series, case records | 11 | Recruitment from transgender events and conferences, or LGBT events including Pride Festivals | 7 | Incidence rate | 4 |
| Retrospective cohort | 2 | Not Specified | 4 | Cases/1000 persons | 1 |
| Case-control | 1 | Purposive community sampling | 4 | Risk ratio | 1 |
| Recruited from HIV-prevention program or outreach | 3 | Odds ratio | 7 | ||
| Convenience sample | 2 | Adjusted Odds Ratio | 16 | ||
| Peer outreach and snowball sampling | 2 | Unadjusted conditional odds | 1 | ||
| Venue-based sampling | 2 | Adjusted conditional odds | 1 | ||
| Snowball sampling | 2 | Hazard ratio | 2 | ||
| Snowball sampling and quota sampling | 1 | Beta (regression coefficient) | 7 | ||
| Snowball sampling, listservs, and websites | 1 | Point-biserial correlations | 1 | ||
| Brief-intercept sampling | 1 | Contrast estimate | 1 | ||
| Recruitment letter to students | 1 | Median | 1 | ||
| Organization-based recruitment | 1 | Mean score | 4 | ||
| Clinic-based, venue-based, peer outreach and referral | 1 | Chi square | 2 | ||
| Random sample from prison census | 1 | t-test | 2 | ||
| Random sample of selected gurus with all associated hijiras | 1 | MANOVA | 1 | ||
| Clinic service case records | 2 | Pearson’s correlation | 1 | ||
| HIV/STD Surveillance Registries | 1 | ||||
| Clinic and location-based recruitment | 1 | ||||
| School-based | 1 | ||||
| Randomly selected high-schools | 1 | ||||
| Venue-day-time sampling | 1 | ||||
| Census | 1 | ||||
| Clinic-based recruitment and peer referral | 1 | ||||
| Community agency-based recruitment | 1 | ||||
| Peer referral | 2 | ||||
| Snowball/chain referral and venue based | 1 | ||||
| Argentine Union of Sexual Workers registration | 1 | ||||
| Community and internet-based | 1 | ||||
| GSA organization-based recruitment | 1 | ||||
| Venue-based sampling and incentivized snowball sampling | 1 | ||||
| Consecutive clinic referral | 1 | ||||
| Internet and peer referral | 1 | ||||