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Characterization of the hollow-structured microneedle (hMN) patch. (A) Representative SEM images of the hMN patch from views of needle side and base side. (B) A 3D CLSM image of hMN patch (rhodamine loaded). (C) Penetration test of the CAP through hMN patch. (Scale bar, 1 cm.) The CAP through the hMN included reactive species and reflection. Representative OES spectra of the CAP (D) above hMN patch and (E) penetrating through the hMN patch.
