Table 1.
The material properties of spinal components
| Element set | Young modulus (MPa) | Poisson ratio | CSA (mm2) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Vertebral cortical bone | 12,000 | 0.3 | / |
| Vertebral cancellous bone | 100 | 0.2 | / |
| Posterior bone | 3500 | 0.25 | / |
| Endplate | 1000 | 0.4 | / |
| Arthrodial cartilage | 24 | 0.4 | |
| Nuclear pulposus | Hyperelastic (Mooney–Rivlin) c1 = 0.12, c2 = 0.09 | 0.499 | / |
| Annulus fibers: | |||
| Outermost | 550 | 0.3 | 0.76 |
| Second | 495 | 0.3 | 0.5928 |
| Third | 412.5 | 0.3 | 0.4712 |
| Innermost | 357.5 | 0.3 | 0.3572 |
| Annulus substance | Hyperelastic (Mooney–Rivlin) c1 = 0.56, c2 = 0.14 | 0.45 | / |
| Ligaments | |||
| ALL | 12.8 | 0.3 | 63.7 |
| PLL | 10 | 0.3 | 20 |
| LF | 10 | 0.3 | 40 |
| SSL | 2.8 | 0.3 | 25 |
| ISL | 2.8 | 0.3 | 30 |
| ITL | 10 | 0.3 | 25 |
| FCL | 8 | 0.3 | 30 |