Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2020 Feb 18;7:19–31. doi: 10.2147/JHC.S237614

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© 2020 Liu et al.

This work is published and licensed by Dove Medical Press Limited. The full terms of this license are available at https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php and incorporate the Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/). By accessing the work you hereby accept the Terms. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. For permission for commercial use of this work, please see paragraphs 4.2 and 5 of our Terms (https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php).

PMC Copyright notice

The anti-tumor effects of SK in HCC cells. (A) HCC cells (SMMC-7721 and LM3) and normal liver cells (LO2) were treated with SK (0–5 μM) for 48 h and cell viability was determined by CCK8 assays. HCC cells and normal liver cells were treated with SK (3 μM) for 24–96 h and cell viability was determined by CCK8 assays (n = 3). (B) Western blotting was used to detect the expression of G0/G1 phase-related proteins in LM3 and SMMC-7721 cells treated with SK (3 μM) for 24 h. Data are expressed as the mean ± SD (n = 3, *P < 0.05 for SK [3 μM] vs NC). (C) Cell cycle analysis of HCC cells treated with SK for 24 h. Proportion of cells in different phases of the cell cycle is shown (n = 3, *P < 0.05 for SK [1 μM] vs NC, ^#P < 0.05 for SK [2 μM] vs SK [1 μM], and ⁺P < 0.05 for SK [3 μM] vs SK [2 μM] in G0/G1 phase). (D and E) Apoptosis of LM3 and SMMC-7721 was detected by Hoechst 33342 and flow cytometry (magnification 200 ×). The data are expressed as the mean ± SD (n = 3, *P < 0.05 for SK [1 μM] vs NC, ^#P < 0.05 for SK [2 μM] vs SK [1 μM], and ⁺P < 0.05 for SK [3 μM] vs SK [2 μM]). (F) Expression of cleaved-caspase 3, cleaved-caspase 9, and PARP protein was detected by Western blotting. β-actin was used as a loading control. The gray values were calculated. The data are expressed as the mean ± SD (n = 3, *P < 0.05 for SK [1 μM] vs NC, ^#P < 0.05 for SK [2 μM] vs SK [1 μM], and ⁺P < 0.05 for SK [3 μM] vs SK [2 μM]). (G) HCC cells (LM3 and SMMC-7721) and normal liver cells (LO2) were treated with SK for 48 h. Glucose uptake and relative lactate production were analyzed. The data are expressed as the mean ± SD (n = 3, *P < 0.05 for SK [1 μM] vs NC, ^#P < 0.05 for SK [2 μM] vs SK [1 μM], and ⁺P < 0.05 for SK [3 μM] vs SK [2 μM]).