TABLE 4.
Characteristics by fetal growth velocity and estimated fetal weight percentile category for pregnancies with ultrasound at mean of 32 SD 1.5 weeks of gestation
| Characteristics | Total n = 1605 |
Velocity <5th percentile | Velocity ≥5th percentile | Pvalue | ||
| EFW <5th percentile n = 14 |
EFW ≥5th percentile n = 57 |
EFW <5th percentile n = 62 |
EFW ≥5th percentile n = 1472 |
|||
| Race/ethnicity, no. (%) | .760 | |||||
| Non-Hispanic white | 458 (28) | 2 (14)a | 17 (30) | 16 (26) | 423 (29) | |
| Non-Hispanic black | 387 (24) | 4 (29) | 12 (21) | 17 (27) | 354 (24) | |
| Hispanic | 448 (28) | 4 (29) | 12 (21) | 18 (29) | 414 (28) | |
| Asian and Pacific Islander | 312 (19) | 4 (29) | 16 (28) | 11 (18) | 281 (19) | |
| Height, mean (SD), cm | 163 (7) | 160 (6) | 164 (7) | 161 (6) | 163 (7) | .044 |
| Maternal prepregnancy BMI, mean (SD), kg/m2 | 23.4 (3) | 23.7 (4) | 22.6 (3) | 22.8 (3) | 23.5 (3) | .046 |
| Parity, no. (%) | .152 | |||||
| 0 | 769 (48) | 7 (50) | 29 (51) | 22 (36) | 711 (48) | |
| 1 | 576 (36) | 3 (21) | 23 (40) | 30 (48) | 520 (35) | |
| ≥2 | 260 (16) | 4 (29) | 5 (9) | 10 (16) | 241 (16) | |
| Infant sex, no. (%) | .305 | |||||
| Male | 834 (52) | 7 (50) | 31 (54) | 25 (40) | 771 (52) | |
| Female | 771 (48) | 7 (50) | 26 (46) | 37 (60) | 701 (48) | |
| Birthweight, mean (SD), kg | 3325 (422)b | 2550 (295) | 3208 (382) | 2867 (420) | 3357 (405) | <.001 |
| Composite neonatal outcome,c no. (%) | .632 | |||||
| No | 1536 (96) | 14 (100) | 53 (93) | 59 (95) | 1410 (96) | |
| Yes | 69 (4) | 0 (0) | 4 (7) | 3 (5) | 62 (4) | |
Standard population as detailed in Buck Louis et al.6
BMI, body mass index; EFW, estimated fetal weight.
Because of rounding, percentages may not total 100;
Birthweight was available for 1443 neonates;
Neonatal morbidities included: metabolic acidosis (pH <7.1 and base deficit >12 mmol/L), neonatal intensive care unit stay >3 d, pneumonia, respiratory distress syndrome, persistent pulmonary hypertension, seizures, hyperbilirubinemia requiring exchange transfusion, intrapartum aspiration (meconium, amniotic fluid, blood), neonatal death, mechanical ventilation at term, necrotizing enterocolitis, hypoglycemia, hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy, periventricular leukomalacia, sepsis based on blood culture, bronchopulmonary dysplasia/chronic lung disease, retinopathy of prematurity, and birth injury.13–17