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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Feb 1.
Published in final edited form as: Curr Opin Cell Biol. 2019 Sep 8;62:26–30. doi: 10.1016/j.ceb.2019.07.016

Figure 1. Apico-basal polarity proteins play a critical role in homeostatic control of cell density.

Figure 1.

If cell density is too low or too high, epithelial cells return to homeostatic density by proliferation or by cell extrusion and death, respectively (depicted by light blue arrows). If cells fail to respond to density signals, they continue to proliferate and cause hyperplasia (red arrow). Polarity proteins (shown in green) control density-dependent proliferation via different mechanisms, including Hippo signaling pathway and CRL4 ubiquitin E3 ligase complex.