Table 1.
Demographics and variables related to the need for mechanical ventilation at postnatal day 7 in the whole cohort
| Whole cohort (N = 1007) | Mechanical ventilation at 7 days (N = 149) | No mechanical ventilation at 7 days (N = 858) | p Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Infant variables | ||||
| Gender (male) | 551 | 90 (60.4%) | 461 (53.7%) | 0.30 |
| Ethnicity | 0.09 | |||
| Hispanic | 144 | 19 (12.7%) | 125 (14.6%) | |
| Non-Hispanic | 731 | 118 (79.2%) | 613 (71.4%) | |
| Unknown | 132 | 12 (8.1%) | 120 (14.0%) | |
| Race | 0.70 | |||
| White | 565 | 83 (55.7%) | 482 (56.2%) | |
| Black | 207 | 34 (22.8%) | 173 (20.2%) | |
| Other | 235 | 32 (21.5%) | 203 (23.6%) | |
| Site of delivery (outborn) | 252 | 60 (40.3%) | 192 (22.4%) | <0.0001 |
| Gestational age | <0.0001 | |||
| 22 0/7–28 6/7 weeks | 233 | 104 (69.8%) | 129 (15.0%) | |
| 29 0/7–35 6/7 weeks | 774 | 45 (30.2%) | 729 (85.0%) | |
| Birth weight, g | <0.0001 | |||
| ≤1000 | 192 | 99 (66.4%) | 93 (10.8%) | |
| 1001–1500 | 263 | 20 (13.4%) | 243 (28.3%) | |
| 1501–2500 | 467 | 21 (14.1%) | 446 (52.0%) | |
| ≥2501 | 85 | 9 (6.0%) | 76 (8.9%) | |
| Apgar 1 min | 7 (4, 8) | 3 (1, 6) | 7 (5, 8) | <0.0001 |
| Apgar 5 min | 8 (7, 9) | 6 (4, 8) | 8 (7, 9) | <0.0001 |
| Acute kidney injury (first 7 days) | 147 (14.6%) | 46 (30.9%) | 101 (11.8%) | <0.0001 |
| Reason for admission | ||||
| Prematurity <36 weeks | 918 | 137 (91.9%) | 781 (91.0%) | 0.71 |
| Respiratory symptoms | 197 | 20 (13.4%) | 177 (20.6%) | 0.04 |
| Respiratory failure | 603 | 122 (81.9%) | 481 (56.1%) | <0.0001 |
| Sepsis evaluation | 563 | 92 (61.7%) | 471 (54.9%) | 0.12 |
| Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy | 21 | 11 (7.4%) | 10 (1.2%) | <0.0001 |
| Seizures | 6 | 4 (2.7%) | 2 (0.2%) | 0.01 |
| Hypoglycemia | 88 | 6 (4.0%) | 82 (9.6%) | 0.03 |
| Hyperbilirubinemia | 15 | 3 (2.0%) | 12 (1.4%) | 0.47 |
| Metabolic evaluation | 2 | 2 (1.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.02 |
| Trisomy 21 | 4 | 0 (0.0%) | 4 (0.5%) | 1.00 |
| Congenital heart disease | 9 | 5 (3.4%) | 4 (0.5%) | 0.01 |
| Necrotizing enterocolitis | 5 | 4 (2.7%) | 1 (0.1%) | 0.002 |
| Omphalocele/gastroschisis | 12 | 4 (2.7%) | 8 (0.9%) | 0.09 |
| Need for surgical evaluation | 14 | 7 (4.7%) | 7 (0.8%) | 0.002 |
| Meningomyelocele | 4 | 1 (0.7%) | 3 (0.3%) | 0.47 |
| Small for gestational age | 215 | 32 (21.5%) | 183 (21.3%) | 0.97 |
| Large for gestational age | 8 | 1 (0.7%) | 7 (0.8%) | 1.00 |
| Maternal variables | ||||
| Maternal age (years) | 28.2 ± 6.7 | 28.8 ± 6.2 | 0.30 | |
| Infections | ||||
| Bacterial | 88 | 15 (10.1%) | 73 (8.5%) | 0.53 |
| Viral | 32 | 4 (2.7%) | 28 (3.3%) | 1.00 |
| Diabetes | 138 | 16 (10.7%) | 122 (14.2%) | 0.25 |
| Hypothyroidism | 48 | 7 (4.7%) | 41 (4.8%) | 0.97 |
| Chronic hypertension | 115 | 14 (9.4%) | 101 (11.8%) | 0.40 |
| Kidney disease | 11 | 0 (0.0%) | 11 (1.3%) | 0.38 |
| Pre-eclampsia | 198 | 22 (14.8%) | 176 (20.5%) | 0.10 |
| Eclampsia | 18 | 3 (2.0%) | 15 (1.7%) | 0.74 |
| Intrauterine growth restriction | 113 | 14 (9.4%) | 99 (11.5%) | 0.44 |
| Oligohydramnios | 54 | 11 (7.4%) | 43 (5.0%) | 0.24 |
| Polyhydramnios | 29 | 6 (4.0%) | 23 (2.7%) | 0.42 |
| Hemorrhage | 40 | 8 (5.4%) | 32 (3.7%) | 0.34 |
| Gestation | 293 | 38 (25.5%) | 255 (29.7%) | 0.29 |
| Assisted conception | 116 | 18 (12.1%) | 98 (11.4%) | 0.05 |
| Intrapartum complications | ||||
| Nuchal cord | 39 | 8 (5.4%) | 31 (3.6%) | 0.31 |
| Meconium | 38 | 5 (3.4%) | 33 (3.4%) | 1.00 |
| Severe vaginal bleeding | 56 | 13 (8.7%) | 43 (5.0%) | 0.07 |
| Shoulder dystocia | 3 | 1 (0.7%) | 2 (0.2%) | 0.38 |
| Medications | ||||
| Vasopressors | 78 | 43 (28.9%) | 35 (4.1%) | <0.0001 |
| Antimicrobials | 758 | 119 (79.9%) | 639 (74.5%) | 0.16 |