Table 2.

The effects of BA on oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarkers in non-prediabetic and prediabetic rats with or without diet intervention.

Parameters	Groups
	NPD	PD	ND + MET	HFHC + MET	ND + BA	HFHC + BA
MDA (nmol/g protein)	4.35 ± 0.16	5.78 ± 0.43∗∗	4.62 ± 0.09#	5.11 ± 0.24	4.14 ± 0.20###	4.53 ± 0.12#
SOD (ng/mL)	7.00 ± 0.90	1.78 ± 0.23∗∗	6.74 ± 0.66##	6.11 ± 0.88#	11.43 ± 1.14∗###	10.56 ± 0.90∗###
GPx (pg/mL)	847.52 ± 53.56	245.43 ± 12.29∗∗∗	989.72 ± 129.55###	517.99 ± 78.53∗	1001.20 ± 62.37###	669.51 ± 40.59##
hs-CRP (ng/mL)	1.35 ± 0.06	2.22 ± 0.01∗∗∗	1.53 ± 0.16###	1.74 ± 0.15	1.71 ± 0.07#	1.73 ± 0.07#
TNF-α (pg/mL)	948.42 ± 30.79	1296.97 ± 7.98∗∗∗	1005.49 ± 19.17##	1108 ± 96.11	945.63 ± 13.49###	1011.33 ± 17.83##
IL-6 (pg/mL)	22.20 ± 2.71	37.13 ± 1.14∗∗∗	30.02 ± 1.30	33.95 ± 2.10∗∗	23.46 ± 2.50##	24.06 ± 1.71##

Values are presented as mean ± SEM (n = 6). ^∗p < 0.05, ^∗∗p < 0.01, ^∗∗∗p < 0.001 (vs. NPD). ^#p < 0.05, ^##p < 0.01, ^###p < 0.001 (vs. PD).