. 2020 Feb 22;20:84. doi: 10.1186/s12887-020-1965-x

Table 4.

Adjusted marginal effects [95% CI] of receiving a core EI service among sample children with complete outcomes information^A

Independent Variables	Marginal Effects of any PT	Marginal Effects of any OT	Marginal Effects of any ST	Marginal Effects of any DI
Had a Diagnosis	0.225***	0.214***	0.084	0.224**
Had a Diagnosis	[0.104, 0.347]	[0.091, 0.337]	[−0.030, 0.197]	[0.088, 0.360]
Birthweight by Category
Less than 1.5 kg	ref	ref	ref	ref
1.5 kg to 2.5 kg	0.177*	−0.056	−0.210	− 0.010
1.5 kg to 2.5 kg	[0.026, 0.328]	[−0.260, 0.148]	[−0.463, 0.044]	[− 0.331, 0.311]
Greater than 2.5 kg	0.135**	− 0.014	−0.102	− 0.121
Greater than 2.5 kg	[0.041, 0.228]	[−0.194, 0.167]	[− 0.318, 0.115]	[− 0.406, 0.164]
Child’s Age
Less than 12-Months	ref	ref	ref	ref
12–24 Months	− 0.024	−0.037	− 0.080	− 0.114*
12–24 Months	[− 0.096, 0.048]	[− 0.111, 0.036]	[− 0.179, 0.018]	[− 0.213, − 0.016]
Greater than 24-Months	0.013	0.045	0.034	− 0.234**
Greater than 24-Months	[−0.112, 0.138]	[− 0.103, 0.192]	[− 0.103, 0.170]	[− 0.400, − 0.068]
Family Income (annually)
Greater than $20,000	− 0.136***	− 0.104*	− 0.078	0.057
Greater than $20,000	[− 0.201, − 0.071]	[− 0.197, − 0.011]	[− 0.230, 0.075]	[− 0.092, 0.207]
Race/Ethnicity
White, non-Hispanic	ref	ref	ref	ref
Black, non-Hispanic	0.034	−0.003	0.045	0.041
Black, non-Hispanic	[−0.125, 0.193]	[−0.157, 0.152]	[− 0.142, 0.232]	[− 0.156, 0.239]
Hispanic	0.001	−0.037	− 0.004	− 0.097
Hispanic	[− 0.097, 0.099]	[− 0.144, 0.071]	[− 0.126, 0.118]	[− 0.243, 0.048]
Other, non-Hispanic	0.056	− 0.093	− 0.036	− 0.047
Other, non-Hispanic	[− 0.141, 0.253]	[− 0.357, 0.172]	[− 0.339, 0.267]	[− 0.332, 0.238]
Child’s sex, Female	0.028	− 0.054	− 0.026	− 0.006
Child’s sex, Female	[− 0.040, 0.096]	[− 0.121, 0.014]	[− 0.112, 0.060]	[− 0.100, 0.087]
Primary Language, English	0.013	0.017	− 0.028	0.049
Primary Language, English	[− 0.062, 0.088]	[− 0.062, 0.097]	[− 0.121, 0.064]	[− 0.053, 0.151]
Insurance Type, Medicaid and CHP+	− 0.067	0.007	0.039	0.157*
Insurance Type, Medicaid and CHP+	[−0.186, 0.053]	[−0.109, 0.122]	[− 0.111, 0.188]	[0.005, 0.309]
Entry Child Outcome Summary Sub-Scales^B
Positive Social Emotional Skills	0.054***	−0.002	−0.017	− 0.073***
Positive Social Emotional Skills	[0.026, 0.082]	[−0.032, 0.028]	[−0.055, 0.020]	[− 0.112, − 0.034]
Acquiring and Using Knowledge and Skills	0.039**	0.009	−0.049*	0.032
Acquiring and Using Knowledge and Skills	[0.010, 0.068]	[−0.021, 0.039]	[−0.086, − 0.011]	[−0.009, 0.072]
Taking Appropriate Action to Meet Needs	−0.095***	−0.051***	0.058***	0.033
Taking Appropriate Action to Meet Needs	[−0.125, − 0.066]	[− 0.078, − 0.025]	[0.027, 0.090]	[−0.003, 0.068]

^ASample includes 448 children with complete baseline Child Outcomes Summary Data

*p < .05; **p < .01; ***p < .001

^BEach COS sub-scale score is derived from provider clinical judgment, parent concerns, and developmental assessment results and measured on a 7-point scale, from 1 = very early skills (i.e., child does not use any immediate foundational skills related to this outcome) to 7 = all skills expected (i.e., there are no concerns about the child’s function in this area)