. 2020 Feb 22;20:84. doi: 10.1186/s12887-020-1965-x

Table 5.

Adjusted marginal effects [95% CI] of the number of EI services among sample children who initiated EI services and have complete child outcomes information^A

	Marginal Effects of Number of Services (Compared to other Service Groups)
Independent Variables	One Service	Two Services	Three or More Services
Had a Diagnosis	−0.143***	− 0.176***	0.319***
Had a Diagnosis	[−0.194, − 0.092]	[− 0.257, − 0.095]	[0.199, 0.440]
Birthweight by Category
Less than 1.5 kg	ref	ref	ref
1.5 kg to 2.5 kg	−0.025	− 0.018	0.043
1.5 kg to 2.5 kg	[−0.201, 0.151]	[−0.132, 0.096]	[− 0.247, 0.332]
Greater than 2.5 kg	0.001	0.000	−0.001
Greater than 2.5 kg	[−0.161, 0.162]	[−0.099, 0.099]	[− 0.262, 0.260]
Child’s Age
Less than 12-Months	ref	ref	ref
12–24 Months	0.078*	0.044*	−0.122*
12–24 Months	[0.006, 0.151]	[0.009, 0.078]	[−0.226, − 0.019]
Greater than 24-Months	0.073	0.042	−0.114
Greater than 24-Months	[− 0.052, 0.197]	[−0.010, 0.093]	[− 0.288, 0.060]
Family Income (annually)
Greater than $20,000	−0.054	− 0.044	0.098
Greater than $20,000	[−0.134, 0.025]	[−0.124, 0.036]	[− 0.060, 0.257]
Race/Ethnicity
White, non-Hispanic	ref	ref	ref
Black, non-Hispanic	− 0.021	− 0.024	0.045
Black, non-Hispanic	[−0.111, 0.069]	[− 0.127, 0.079]	[− 0.148, 0.238]
Hispanic	0.061	0.046	−0.107
Hispanic	[−0.015, 0.137]	[− 0.022, 0.114]	[− 0.249, 0.035]
Other, non-Hispanic	0.084	0.056	−0.140
Other, non-Hispanic	[−0.037, 0.205]	[−0.019, 0.132]	[− 0.331, 0.051]
Child’s sex, Female	− 0.003	− 0.002	0.005
Child’s sex, Female	[−0.061, 0.054]	[− 0.039, 0.034]	[− 0.089, 0.100]
Primary Language, English	− 0.016	− 0.010	0.026
Primary Language, English	[−0.079, 0.047]	[− 0.049, 0.029]	[− 0.075, 0.128]
Insurance Type, Medicaid and CHP+	− 0.040	− 0.021	0.061
Insurance Type, Medicaid and CHP+	[−0.166, 0.086]	[− 0.074, 0.032]	[− 0.118, 0.239]
Child Outcomes Summary Sub-Scales^B
Positive Social Emotional Skills	0.027*	0.017*	−0.044*
Positive Social Emotional Skills	[0.002, 0.053]	[0.001, 0.033]	[−0.084, − 0.004]
Acquiring and Using Knowledge and Skills	−0.008	− 0.005	0.013
Acquiring and Using Knowledge and Skills	[−0.032, 0.016]	[−0.020, 0.010]	[− 0.026, 0.052]
Taking Appropriate Action to Meet Needs	−0.007	− 0.004	0.012
Taking Appropriate Action to Meet Needs	[−0.029, 0.014]	[−0.018, 0.009]	[− 0.023, 0.047]

^ASample includes 448 children with complete baseline Child Outcomes Summary Data

*p < .05; **p < .01; ***p < .001

^BEach COS sub-scale score is derived from provider clinical judgment, parent concerns, and developmental assessment results and measured on a 7-point scale, from 1 = very early skills (i.e., child does not use any immediate foundational skills related to this outcome) to 7 = all skills expected (i.e., there are no concerns about the child’s function in this area)