Table 1.

Item response theory parameters of the full GRM for each item of the Compassionate Love for Humanity Scale (CLS-H)

Items	Item Response Theory Parameters
	a	b1	b2	b3	b4	b5	b6
1	1.83	− 2.49	− 1.64	− 1.09	−0.52	0.50	1.53
2	1.71	−2.63	−1.65	−1.04	−0.36	0.57	1.70
3	2.51	−2.40	− 1.62	− 1.23	− 0.77	0.00	1.00
4	2.12	−2.40	− 1.72	−1.23	−0.70	0.11	1.14
5	1.97	−2.92	−1.72	− 1.07	− 0.37	0.80	1.87
6	2.15	−2.45	−1.59	− 1.07	− 0.44	0.39	1.46
7	1.29	−2.58	− 1.36	−0.53	0.45	1.33	2.20
8	1.41	−2.87	−1.82	− 1.11	−0.08	1.02	2.35
9	2.52	−2.57	−1.78	−1.31	−0.74	0.08	1.22
10	2.01	−3.05	− 2.02	−1.26	−0.55	0.35	1.27
11	1.47	−2.76	−1.71	−0.82	0.09	1.13	2.26
12	2.41	−2.37	−1.78	− 1.25	− 0.68	0.34	1.53
13	1.94	−2.59	−1.67	−1.17	−0.24	0.71	1.89
14	0.95	−3.27	−1.97	−0.75	0.38	1.79	3.57
15	2.16	−2.54	−1.62	− 1.02	− 0.35	0.83	1.90
16	1.28	−3.79	−2.63	−1.66	− 0.85	0.31	1.72
17	1.56	−3.36	−2.28	−1.51	− 0.79	0.26	1.62
18a	1.37	−2.71	−2.10	−1.18	−0.05	1.50
19a	1.37	−2.93	−2.06	−1.06	−0.12	1.33
20	1.01	−3.94	−1.99	−0.91	0.35	1.83	3.40
21a	1.46	−2.95	−2.22	−1.54	−0.61	0.67

Note: a discrimination parameter, b threshold parameters; GRM graded response models. Bold indicates the item selected for the shortened scale using the information method. ^aThe first two response options were collapsed due to the low frequency of the first response category