Table 2.
Nutritional, Metabolic, and Bone Characteristics, and Reproductive Hormones of the Subjects.
| Sub 1 | Sub 2 | Sub 3 | Sub 4 | Sub 5 | Sub 6 | Mean | Clinical normal value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nutritional characteristics | ||||||||
| EI (kcal/d) | 2,586 | 2,382 | 2,380 | 2,488 | 2,385 | 2,673 | 2,482 ± 124 | |
| Protein (g/kg BW) | 1.9 | 1.9 | 1.9 | 1.6 | 1.5 | 2.5 | 1.9 ± 0.3 | |
| Fat (g/kg BW) | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.1 | 1.5 | 1.3 | 1.4 | 1.4 ± 0.2 | |
| CHO (g/kg BW) | 5.7 | 5.8 | 5.6 | 5.9 | 6.2 | 6.3 | 5.9 ± 0.3 | |
| Ca (mg/d) | 858 | 844 | 1229 | 589 | 569 | 1033 | 855 ± 253 | |
| Fe (mg/d) | 9.5 | 7.9 | 9.7 | 10.5 | 9.9 | 9.6 | 9.5 ± 0.9 | |
| EAT 26 (point) | 2 | 1 | 7 | 14 | 11 | 5 | 7 ± 5 | <20 |
| Metabolic characteristics | ||||||||
| EEE (kcal/d) | 924 | 1,385 | 1,442 | 1,711 | 1,539 | 2,095 | 1,516 ± 386 | |
| TEE (kcal/day) | 3,308 | 3,679 | 3,927 | 4,139 | 3,989 | 4,518 | 3,927 ± 411 | |
| EB (kcal/d) | −722 | −1,297 | −1,547 | −1,650 | −1,604 | −1,845 | −1,444 ± 396 | |
| EA (kcal/kg FFM/d) | 31.4 | 20.4 | 18.0 | 15.1 | 16.8 | 11.5 | 18.9 ± 6.8 | >30 |
| REEm (kcal/d) | 1,350 | 1,351 | 1,337 | 1,340 | 1,387 | 1,296 | 1,344 ± 29 | |
| REEm (kcal/kg FFM/d) | 25.7 | 27.6 | 25.6 | 26 | 27.6 | 25.7 | 26.4 ± 1.0 | |
| REEp (kcal/d) | 1,591 | 1,404 | 1,498 | 1,536 | 1,438 | 1,467 | 1,489 ± 68 | |
| REE ratio | 0.85 | 0.96 | 0.89 | 0.87 | 0.96 | 0.88 | 0.90 ± 0.05 | |
| T3 (ng/dl) | 104 | 122 | 100 | 101 | 119 | 77 | 104 ± 16 | 58–159 |
| IGF-1 (ng/ml) | 162 | 246 | 145 | 204 | 271 | 179 | 201 ± 49 | 139–501 |
| Bone characteristics | ||||||||
| Total BMD (g/cm2) | 1.047 | 1.059 | 1.110 | 1.097 | 1.086 | 1.140 | 1.090 ± 0.034 | |
| Z-score | −1.7 | −1.5 | −1.4 | −0.9 | −0.9 | −0.1 | −1.1 ± 0.6 | > −1.0 |
| BAP (μg/L) | 17.5 | 24.5 | 13.7 | 11.3 | 25.4 | 14.9 | 17.9 ± 5.8 | 3.7–20.9 |
| NTX (nmol/L) | 19.8 | 25.1 | 38.4 | 28.8 | 23.6 | 35.1 | 28.5 ± 7.1 | 9.5–17.7 |
| 25(OH)D (ng/ml) | 23.1 | 17.3 | 21.6 | 23.2 | 22.8 | 19.6 | 21.3 ± 2.4 | 32–52a |
| Reproductive hormones | ||||||||
| LH (mIU/ml) | 5.19 | 2.64 | 2.98 | 2.01 | 2.72 | 2.27 | 3.00 ± 1.10 | 0.79–5.72 |
| E2 (pg/ml) | 17 | 16 | 18 | 18 | 28 | <10 | 18 ± 6 | 19–51 |
| TES (ng/ml) | 8.4 | 5.71 | 5.23 | 3.98 | 6.13 | 2.78 | 5.37 ± 1.93 | 1.92–8.84 |
Note. Mean data are presented as mean ± SD. EI, energy intake; CHO, carbohydrate; BW, body weight; EAT26, eating attitude test 26; EEE, exercise energy expenditure; TEE, total energy expenditure; EB, energy balance; EA, energy availability; REEm, measured resting energy expenditure; REEp, predicted resting energy expenditure; T3, triiodothyronine; IGF-1, insulin-like growth factor 1; FFM, fat-free mass; BMD, bone mineral density; BAP, bone-specific alkaline phosphatase; NTX, N-telopeptide of type I collagen; 25(OH)D, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D; LH, luteinizing hormone; E2, estradiol; TES, testosterone. a, recommendation from RED-S (Mountjoy et al., 2014).